*** ¾×é¹·ÕèÊèǹµÑǢͧ ¾Ñ¹µÓÃǨàÍ¡ ´Ã. ÈÔÃԾŠ¡ØÈÅÈÔÅ»ìÇØ²Ô Ãͧ¼ÙéºÑ§¤Ñº¡Òáͧ¤´ÕÍÒ­Ò Êӹѡ§Ò¹¡®ËÁÒÂáÅФ´Õ ¹Õé ¨Ñ´·Ó¢Öé¹à¾×èÍÂ×¹ËÂÑ´ã¹ËÅÑ¡¡Ò÷ÕèÇèÒ ¤¹àÃÒ¹Ñ鹨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹Á¹ØÉÂìâ´ÂÊÁºÙóìä´é ¡çµèÍàÁ×èÍÁÕàÊÃÕÀҾ㹡ÒÃáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´â´ÂºÃÔºÙóì áÅФÇÒÁàª×èÍ·ÕèÇèÒ¤¹àÃÒà¡Ô´ÁÒàÊÁÍÀÒ¤áÅÐà·èÒà·ÕÂÁ¡Ñ¹ äÁèÁÕÍӹҨ㴨оÃÒ¡¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹Á¹ØÉÂì仨ҡàÃÒä´é äÁèÇèèÒ´éÇÂÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃã´ æ áÅÐÍÓ¹Ò¨¼Ùéã´ ***
*** We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. [Adopted in Congress 4 July 1776] ***
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Putin ༴稡ÒÃÃÑÊà«Õ ã¹Âؤ»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ ¡Ñº ÊØ´ÂÍ´¤´Õ´Ñ§ã¹Ãͺ·ÈÇÃõ

¶éÒ·èÒ¹¼ÙéÍèÒ¹ Åͧ¾ÔÁ¾ì¤ÓÇèÒ Mikhail Khodorkovsky ã¹ Google áÅéÇ ¨Ð¾ºÇèÒ ä´é¼ÅÅѾ¸ì äÁèµèÓ¡ÇèÒ 245,000 ÃÒ¡Ò÷Õà´ÕÂÇ ¹Ò Mikhail Khodorkovsky à»ç¹Í´Õµ¼ÙéºÃÔËÒÃÊÙ§ÊØ´ (CEO) ¢Í§ºÃÔÉÑ· YUKOS «Öè§à»ç¹ºÃÔÉÑ·¹éÓÁѹ·ÕèãË­è·ÕèÊØ´ã¹ÃÑÊà«Õ ¹Ò Khodorkovsky ä´éÊÃéÒ§ ¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹·Õè˹Öè§áÅФÇÒÁà»ç¹Íѹ´Ñºáá㹻ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃì¢Í§ÃÑÊà«Õ ã¹ËÅÒÂ æ ´éÒ¹ áµèà¢ÒµéͧÁÒ¶Ù¡´Óà¹Ô¹¤´ÕÍÒ­Òã¹·ÕèÊش㹪èǧ»ÃÐÁÒ³»Õ òððó â´ÂÃкº¡®ËÁÒÂÃÑÊà«Õ·Õè¹èÒÊо֧¡ÅÑÇ





¼Áä´éà¢éÒ仿ѧ¡ÒÃÊÑÁÁ¹Ò àÃ×èͧ Putin vs. Yokuos: Russian Law and Oil Politics ·Õè¨Ñ´¢Öé¹â´Â Russian, East European and Eurasian Center, University of Illinois ¨Ñ´¢Öé¹àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè òò Á¡ÃÒ¤Á òõõñ ·ÕèÍÒ¤Òà Margie K. & Louis N. Cohen Center for Jewish Life (Hillel) à¡ÕèÂǡѺ»ÃÐʺ¡Òóì¢Í§ ¹Ò Robert Amsterdam ·Õèä»à»ç¹·¹ÒÂá¡éµèÒ§ãËéá¡è ¹Ò Mikhail Khodorkovsky 㹪èǧ»Õ òððó

¡è͹Í×è¹ ¢Í¾Ù´¶Ö§ ¹Ò Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky àÊÕ¡è͹¤ÃѺ à¢Òà¡Ô´ã¹»Õ ¤.È. ñùöó »ÃСͺÍÒªÕ¾à»ç¹¹Ñ¡¸ØáԨ àµÔºâµ¢Öé¹ÍÂèÒ§ÃÇ´àÃçÇ ÃèÓÃÇÂÁËÒÈÒÅ áÅÐÊÃéÒ§¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹Ë¹Öè§ãËéá¡èºÃÔÉÑ·¹éÓÁѹ·Õèà¢ÒºÃÔËÒÃÍÂÙèÍÂèÒ§ÃÇ´àÃçÇáÅÐÁÑ蹤§ áµè·éÒ·ÕèÊØ´à¢Òä´é¶Ù¡¡ÅèÒÇËÒÇèÒ áÅШӤء㹢éÍËÒ©éÍ⡧ áÅÐ˹ÕÀÒÉÕ (fraud and tax evasion) à»ç¹àÇÅÒ ñð »Õ ã¹»Õ ¤.È. òððô à¢Òà»ç¹ºØ¤¤Å·ÕèÃèÓÃÇ·ÕèÊØ´ã¹ÃÑÊà«Õ áÅÐÃèÓÃÇÂà»ç¹Íѹ´Ñº·Õè ñö ¢Í§âÅ¡ »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ à¢Ò¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹¤¹ÅéÁÅÐÅÒ ÀÒÂËÅѧ¨Ò¡·ÕèºÃÔÉÑ· YUKOS ¢Í§à¢Òä´é¶Ù¡ãËé¢ÒÂä»ãËéá¡èºÃÔÉÑ··ÕèÍÂÙèÀÒÂãµé¼ÙéºÃÔËÒÃáÅзÕè»ÃÖ¡ÉҢͧÃÑ°ºÒÅÃÑÊà«ÕÂ

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¹Ò Robert àÅèÒãËé¿Ñ§ÇèÒ ¡è͹·Õè¹Ò Khodorkovsky ¨Ð¶Ù¡¨Ñº¡ØÁ¹Ñé¹ äÁèÇèÒ Khodorkovsky ¨Ð·ÓÍÐäà ¹Ò Putin áÅÐ ·Õè»ÃÖ¡ÉÒÃдѺ¼ÙéãË­è ¨ÐµéͧÃѺ·ÃÒºàÊÁÍ ä´éÁÕ¡ÒÃâ·ÃÈѾ·ì¾Ù´¤Ø¡ѹ¡è͹µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ àÃÕ¡ä´éÇèÒ à»ç¹à¾×è͹ÃÑ¡¡Ñ¹¡çÇèÒä´é áµèàÁ×èÍà¢Ò¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹¼ÙéÁÕºÒÃÁչ͡ÃÑ°¸ÃÃÁ¹Ù­ä» ¡ç¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹ÈѵÃÙÊӤѭ¢Í§ Putin ¼Ùé¤Ô´ÇèÒ ÃÑÊà«Õ ¤×Í µÑÇ¢éÒ ä»ã¹·ÕèÊØ´

¹Ò Robert Âѧä´éÊÃØ»ÇèÒ ¡ÒôÓà¹Ô¹¡Ò÷Ñé§ËÁ´äÁèÇèÒ¨Ðà»ç¹¡ÒôÓà¹Ô¹¤´ÕÍÒ­Ò áÅСÒÃÂÖ´·ÃѾÂì¢Í§ Khodorkovsky ã¹¹ÒÁ¢Í§ºÃÔÉÑ· Yukos ¡çà¾ÃÒÐà¢Ò¶Ù¡¾Ô¨ÒóÒÇèÒ à»ç¹ÈѵÃÙ¤¹ÊӤѭ㹷ҧ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ¢Í§»ÙµÔ¹ ¤ÇÒÁÊÓàÃç¨ã¹¡ÒúÃÔËÒçҹºÃÔÉÑ·¹éÓÁѹ¢Í§à¢Ò ¡ÅÒÂà»ç¹¤Ùèá¢è§ÊӤѭ¢Í§ ºÃÔÉÑ·¾Åѧ§Ò¹·Õè´Óà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃâ´ÂÃÑ°ºÒÅÃÑÊà«ÕÂàͧÍÂèÒ§ÁÒ¡ÁÒ «Ö觡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷Ñé§ËÁ´à»ç¹ÇÔÈÇ¡ÃÃÁ·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ ·ÕèÍÒÈÑ¡®ËÁÒÂáÅÐÃкºÈÒÅÀÒÂãµé¤Çº¤ØÁ¢Í§»ÙµÔ¹ à»ç¹à¤Ã×èͧÁ×Í㹡ÒûÅ鹺ÃÔÉÑ·¢Í§à¢Ò



ËÒ¡¾Ô¨ÒóÒà»ÃÕºà·ÕºáÅéÇ ªÐµÒ¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§¹Ò Khodorkovsky ÁÕÊèǹ¤ÅéÒ¡Ѻ Í´Õµ¹ÒÂ¡Ï ºØµâµ ¢Í§»Ò¡Õʶҹ áÅмÙé¹Ó¢Í§ä·Âã¹ËÅÒ¤¹ ã¹Êèǹ·Õè¶Ù¡¢éÍËÒ·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ áÅÐãªé¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷ҧ¡®ËÁÒÂ㹡ÒáӨѴ¤Ùèá¢è§·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ ÃÑ°ºÒÅ·ËÒâͧÃÑÊà«Õ ´Ù¨ÐÂèÓáÂè·ÕèÊØ´ ¡çµÃ§·ÕèÇèÒ ÈÒÅäÁèÁÕÍÔÊÃÐ㹡ÒþԨÒóҤ´Õ µéͧ¿Ñ§¤ÓÊÑ觨ҡ»ÙµÔ¹ ¼ÙéÁÕºÒÃÁչ͡ÃÑ°¸ÃÃÁ¹Ù­ µÑǨÃÔ§àÊÕ§¨ÃÔ§ ¢Í§ÃÑÊà«ÕÂ

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·èÒ¹¼ÙéÍèÒ¹ Åͧ¤Ô´¶Ö§ªÐµÒ¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§¨ÓàÅÂã¹ÃÑÊà«Õ «Ö觻Ѩ¨ØºÑ¹ ÁÕÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ ñ ÅéÒ¹¤¹ ÇèÒ¨Ðà»ç¹ÍÂèÒ§äà áÅÐ ·èÒ¹¤§äÁèÍÂÒ¡ãËéÃкºàÅÇÃéÒÂàªè¹¹Õé à¡Ô´ã¹ä·Â´éÇ äÁèÇèÒ ¼Ùé¶Ù¡¡ÅèÒÇËÒ¹Ñé¹ ¨Ðà»ç¹ã¤Ã ËÒ¡¤Ô´ã¹ÁØÁ᤺˹èÍ Åͧ¤Ô´ÇèÒ ¶éÒ¼Ùé¶Ù¡¡ÅèÒÇËÒà»ç¹­ÒµÔ¢Í§àÃÒ ËÃ×Í à»ç¹àÃÒàͧ àÃҡ礧ÍÂÒ¡ä´éÃкº·ÕèãËéâÍ¡ÒÊàÃÒ㹡ÒõèÍÊÙ餴ÕÍÂèÒ§à»ç¹¸ÃÃÁàªè¹¡Ñ¹




ÍèÒ¹à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ ã¹

1. Wikipedia - //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Khodorkovsky

2. Rosneft's Returns Boosted by Theft of Yukos - //www.robertamsterdam.com/2008/01/rosnefts_returns_boosted_by_th.htm?Rosneft

3. Khodorkovsky 101: Summary of Motives Behind the Campaign Against Mikhail Khodorkovsky - //www.robertamsterdam.com/2007/01/khodorkovsky_101_summary_of_mo.htm?khodorkovsky



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