โครงงานวิจัยของนักเรียนเกรด 12 (เทียบเท่า ม.6 ของไทย)
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กรณีศึกษาทางด้านเศรษฐศาสตร์ของรัฐ ทัสมาเนีย ประเทศออสเตรเลีย .. โครงงานศึกษาวิจัยของเด็กมัธยมเกรด 12 โรงเรียน Launceston Grammar ในรัฐ ทัสมาเนีย รัฐใต้สุดของประเทศออสเตรเลีย ดังรูปข้างล่าง
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Tasmanian Economy.
Economic development is the quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy. It also refers to sustained actions of the government and the community that aim to improve the standard of living and economic health of an area. These actions involve multiple areas such as development of human capital, critical infrastructure, regional competitiveness, environmental sustainability, social inclusion, health, safety, and literacy.
Tasmania ranks at the bottom among Australian states on virtually every dimensions of economic, social, and cultural performance: highest unemployment, lowest incomes, languishing investment, lowest home prices, least educated, lowest literacy, most chronic disease, poorest longevity, most likely to smoke, greatest obesity, highest teenage pregnancy, highest petty crime, and worst domestic violence.
Tasmanian way of life is mainly financed by mainland; especially since the resource booming period leads to Tasmanias under-achievement. This allows the government to still supports unemployed workers which causes the driving up of wages, materials, transport, regulation, exchange rates and other costs that make Tasmanian industries uncompetitive. Hence, allowing government to subsidise non-performing (or declining) industries.
GDP stands for gross domestic product which is the market value of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. It is considered an indicator of a countrys standard of living. From the graph, Tasmanias current GDP is more than twice lower than nationals, meaning the standard of living of Tasmanian people is also twice below nations average.
Another problem Tasmania is facing is the increasing ageing population. The contraction in Tasmanias working age population shows that there is a lack of available labour and skills. The reason for this is because almost 40% of Tasmanias potential labour force is not participating in the labour market even though a report by the Demographic Change Advisory Council identified movements between Tasmania and other states actually resulted in a brain gain for the state. However, only 56% of those who moved in the state are employed compared with 67% of those who left the state, this is also due to the older age immigrants of other states that come to Tasmania to retire and are not seeking work.
Tasmanias unemployment rate is the highest in comparison to other states in Australia. Tasmanias unemployment rate is around 7.7%, while the nations average is around 4.9%. Meaning that Tasmanian rate of joblessness is more than a third greater than the whole nation. This was due to the declining in traditional industries such as forestry and energy-intensive manufacturing based. The rapid decreased in global woodchip prices, rising Australian exchange rates, wages resulting from the booming mining industries, tightening environmental regulation, internationally effective campaigns by environmentalists, lost customers in high-paying markets (e.g. Japan and Europe), and unable to compete in growth markets (e.g. China) all caused the decline in Tasmanian economic.
However, it is still possible to save Tasmanias economy. First of all, Tasmania was thought to be dominated by forestry, this is a misconception by both the mainland and international. Hence, as forestry sector starts declining due to factors mentioned above, people thought there is no way to save the economy. Forestry contributes around 20% of Tasmanias economy and only 1% of jobs in Tasmania were in forestry. If we were to flip the situation around, the decline of forestry could accelerate economic development by creating around 3500 new jobs in sustainable industries. Since instead of having the government subsidise for the declining industries, a quick review shows that if those investments go to the sector that has growing potential then that would help to close the unemployment gap. Meanwhile, approvals for new projects in Tasmania are more uncertain and expensive than elsewhere in Australia which would definitely decreased numbers of new investment since not much incentive are to be obtain.
For every dollar that Tasmanian contributed to national tax kitty, they received back $1.58 in return in benefits and services. This shows that Tasmania has a lopsided economy since they are gaining profits from the nation, while the nation is building deficit for supplying Tasmania with more money than what the state should actually receive.
Tourism.
The strength in Australian dollar is what makes it difficult for the economy, since Tasmanian exports is more expensive to overseas importers and eventually those importers would ended up finding a new supplier that are cheaper. However, there are still some bright spots in the economy such as dairy, aquaculture and tourism.
A report by Deloitte Access Economics shows every one million dollars invested to market tourism generates $19 million for the economy. The report by the Tourism Industry Council of Tasmania said each $1 million would also create around 68 to 218 jobs given the states struggling economy. Tourism industry is a short term market, meaning the investment would pay back within a short period of time unlike public infrastructure such as roads or highways that wont be able to see the benefit after 10 years.
Infrastructure investment is a substantial proportion of a nations resources must be systematically directed towards long term assets. China invested 9% of its GDP on infrastructure in 1990s and 2000s while Western and Non-Asian economies only invested 2-4% of their GDP. Hence, this gap allowed Chinese economy to grow at near optimal conditions while many other economies suffered from development bottlenecks since not enough fundamental infrastructures were available.
This can be connects to tourism in a way that accommodation is one of tourisms infrastructures. Hence, it is fair to say that investing on tourism infrastructure would bring about a greater opportunity for the tourism industries. Also it would increase local construction activity since Tasmania has the weakest result for construction work in comparison to other states.
The Tasmanian Visitor Survey shows that since 2001, the number of people visiting Tasmania has increased by 72% to 912,100 per year. This was led by a massive 294% increase in air capacity into the state. Hobart has experienced 70% growth in length of stay per visitor in the city. Therefore, as demand increased, supply of accommodation also increased, however, the supply did not keep up with the demand as number of people visiting Tasmania increased by 70% but the accommodation stock in Hobart only increased around 20%.
The figure above (By BDA Marketing Planning) shows the average occupancy of accommodation in Hobart during 2008-09. It shows that Hobart is reaching its capacity with annual average occupancy of 76%, with only June to September experienced occupancy of below 70%. This means that it can be difficult for visitors to find their preferred type of accommodation at a time that meets their requirements when a destination is operating at this level. Hence, the state would miss out some of the new visitors by not able to keep in pace with tourists demand.
However, according to RevPAR, (The average revenue generated per available room) which is a common measure for hoteliers to judge financial performance across the accommodation industry, Hobarts average RevPAR is higher than the national average even during a time of economic uncertainty.
According to National visitor survey, around 64% of air visitors to Tasmania went through Hobart airport and 31% went through Launceston airport.
In 2012, travellers spend around 1.4 billion on accommodation, attractions, tours, and transport while travelling in Tasmania. Which means a single tourist would spend around $1,600 each visit. The survey shows that the average length of stay per visitor is 9 nights meaning that if the hotel cost them around 300 dollars a night per two people then the state would gain approximately $1,350 per visit of a tourist excluding any other goods and services that they need to spend.
Silos Project.
Errol Stewart, an investor, came up with the idea of developing grain silos into 11 stories luxury hotel with 64 rooms along with the propose of developing a sky rail for it to become one of the main attractions of Launceston. The grain silos are located in Invermay, opposite of seaport which is also Stewarts successful development. Stewart stated that the silos hotel would become the new destination for Launceston. It would help improve the economic well-being of the city since there is no loss of developing 1000 tonnes of concrete that might be dump one day in the near future. The development would also boost Tasmanian tourism industry since tourism alone creates income for Tasmania of around 1.3 billion dollars a year. There are approximately 800,000 visitors to Tasmania every year due to the cheap airfares and interesting mean of transport like the spirit of Tasmania, however, Launceston is sometimes overlooked by tourists. Therefore, the purpose of this development is to boost Launceston tourism industry and creates a sustainable economy to replace the declining forestry industry.
Negative Impacts.
There are various negative impacts that could result from the development. Firstly, the development of the grain silos would change the atmosphere of Launceston city since it locates near the heart of the city. It might destroy the low-rise charm of Launceston like how the Launceston Historical Society President, Marion Sargent, had said that the project sounded like a monstrosity that would not fit the low-rise look of Launceston. The two other tall buildings in the city- the Telstra building in St. John Street and the Myer building in the Brisbane street mall were not architecturally pleasing and did not fit the streetscape. Also the tower risked becoming a white elephant if not commercially successful but would dominate the skyline and cause overshadowing in nearby Royal Park. The development might risk losing some of the tourist groups that are attracted to a conservative-like city.
The development would also bring about environmental degradation, although not directly since the silos were already built up but the development would definitely bring civilization to the city. Civilization brings about more demands, supplies and also pollution. Pollution in this case can be either from industries or transportation. The development would bring more people to Launceston, and hence will result in an increase in both private and public transportation, due to the increasing demand, which contributes to the increasing pollution in the community.
The increasing demand of goods and services due to the development would results in economic growth and hence leads to inflation. As soon as inflation occurs, the people who would receive the biggest impact are the local people not the temporary visitors since inflation would increase the cost of living for people living in the community. Hence, without suitable regulations by the government the development could become a double edge sword that might have negative impacts on Tasmanian people themselves. Apart from inflation, the development would results in increasing numbers of wealthy people because more jobs and businesses are available. If the income and public services are not well distributed then the development might instead bring about inequality in the society especially for people not involving in the process of the development.
The development of the luxury hotel might affect the revenue of other hotels. Luxury hotels would obviously have higher standards than economy hotel, especially in Launceston where there are limited number of luxury hotels. Hence, the development of silos into a luxury hotel might cause other hotels to renovate themselves in order to outcompete with the new development of the community.
Positive Impacts.
The development would become the new attraction or landmark of Launceston which might be able to attract visitors from other states and also other countries. Due to that it will help boost Tasmanian tourism industry and also would increase Launcestons market share in Tasmanian tourism industry. At the time being, Hobart holds the major market share in Tasmanian tourism because it has more major attractions such as MONA museum of art and the Salamanca market.
The boost in tourism industry would increase Tasmanias GDP and also lessen the gap between Tasmania and Australian GDP which means soon in time Tasmania would be able to stand on its own feet without having to gain supports from the mainland since at the moment Tasmania is relying on Federal government for almost two thirds of its income.
The development would also help decrease unemployment rate since it would generate more works for infrastructure industry during the first part of the development which helps increase construction activity within Tasmania. It would also generate works for people that work under goods and services sector. Apart from that, it would increase the amount of people working for private sectors and decrease the amount of people working for the government which indicates another step of having Tasmania standing on their own feet. If this continues to happen then Tasmania would be able to get rid of the lopsided economy since they no longer gain profit from the nation.
Another point to mention about the development is that Errol Stewart is Tasmanian. Therefore having local people investing in their own community is better than having a foreign investor investing in the community and take out the money from the community. The idea of having local people investing has been promoted by many countries including Australia, for example, the banner Australian made is also made to support local people to ensures that the money would circulates within the community and not over to another country.
The development would extend Launcestons accommodation option for tourists which would attract various target groups from low income consumers to high income consumers. Hence, if anyone could come to Tasmania then the states income would also increase along with the booming of tourism industry. The development will also supports Tasmania to have a sustainable economy which is one where resources are not used up faster than nature renews them and benefits are shared equally. Tourism industry does not used up natural resources faster than they renews them and benefits can be share equally since everyone in the community can contributes to it either directly or indirectly.
Evaluation.
Tasmanias economy is currently stagnant and lopsided and tourism is one of the ways to turn the situation around. The amount of total visitors to Tasmania increased by 1% between 2011 and 2012 but the number of visitors visiting Launceston decreased by 8% which is although not the worst but it implies that Tasmania will not be able to rely on itself still. Out of the total visitors to Tasmania, the amount of visitors from other states increased by 1% between 2011 and 2012, however, the amount of interstate visitors visiting Launceston decreased by 9% unlike Hobart that increased by5% from 2011 to 2012. This data shows that Launceston still lacks major tourist attraction which is one of the main sources of states income unlike Hobart that has both MONA and Salamanca market which are the major tourist attractions for Tasmania. International visitor survey shows that the amount of international visitors to Australia increased by 3% from 2011 to 2012; on the other hand, the amount of international visitors to Tasmania decreased by 3% from 2011 to 2012. This shows that although has good attractions, its not good enough to attracts international visitors. Therefore, major tourist attractions must be taken into account in order to boost Tasmanias tourism industry.
There are 8 states in Australia, which means theoretically each state should have its market share in any industry of around 12.6%. However, Tasmania only shares around 3% of tourism industry market which is the lowest share among all 8 states in Australia. Tasmania has the advantage over other states in Australia of being the closest to the nature and if that advantage point could be managed thoughtfully then it is possible to increase Tasmanian market share in the national tourism industry.
To sum up, the development of the grain silos could be one of the major attractions of Tasmania that would help increase both interstate and international visitors to Tasmania and also helps spread out the visitors from Hobart. At the same time, it would increase Tasmanian market share in tourism industry and make use of the nature that are available within the states. The boost of a sustainable industry like tourism would also lessen the gap between Tasmanias and Australias GDP and hence allows Tasmania to be able to stand on its own feet. And for the government, the increase in economic activity resulting from the development would also increase government revenue due to higher tax rates each individual would be paying and also lesser people would be relying on social welfare payment as they all become parts of the development.
Conclusion.
The majority of tourism expenditure occurs at night, with expenditure on the dining and accommodation accounts for up to 75% of daily tourist expenditure. For many people are visiting Tasmania for the first time, they would only go to the key promoted destinations such as Salamanca market, Port Arthur, MONA, Cradle Mountain and Strahan. However, none of the destinations are anywhere near Launceston. Although Hobart established many successful tourist attractions, the income from those attractions still does not cover the economic stagnant of the state and unemployment rates are still the same. Therefore, the development of grain silos would not only increase states income, but it would also provide jobs for local people living in Launceston either directly or indirectly. The government role in this is to help regulates the income distribution so that everyone gets the share equally and to prevent any conflicts occurring between the industry and local people; also, to ensure that Errol Stewarts proposal would become a wise development.
Resources.
"Welcome to Tourism Tasmania." Tourism Tasmania Corporate.N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"What Is Civilization's Impact on Earth's Environment?" HowStuffWorks.N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Economic Geography: Measures of Economic Development." Economic Geography: Measures of Economic Development. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Ageing Population an Economic Problem." - Tasmanian Country Hour. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Stewart Plans $30m Skyrail." The Examiner.N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Reports." - Northern Tasmania Development. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Economic Data Releases for Tasmania." Economic Data Releases for Tasmania.N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Tasmanian Economy and Society: State Is Broken | Griffith Review | Crikey." Crikey Whats Wrong with Tasmania Australias Freeloading State Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Tip for State Remedy." Tasmania News.N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Call to Restore Tourism Funding." Tasmania News.N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Silos Plan Could Be `real Work of Art'" The Examiner. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Silos Could Give Launceston New Direction." The Examiner.N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
"Developer's Hotel Proposal Sparks Debate." The Examiner.N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. .
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ประเด็นที่จะพูดมีทั้งประเด็นเนื้อหาและประเด็นภาษาที่ใช้ ..
ด้วย background ที่เรียนนานาชาติมาตั้งแต่ grade 4 ถึง grade 10 ก่อนจะไปเรียนที่ออสเตรเลีย จึงสามารถเขียนภาษาอังกฤษได้ขนาดนี้ ในวัยเพียง 17-18 ปี ..
ในขณะที่ ปริญญาตรี ที่จบออกมาแล้วด้วยหลักสูตรแบบไทยๆ .. ภาษาอังกฤษไม่กระดิกไม่ว่า พูด อ่าน เขียน ซึ่งเห็นตำตาอยู่ในที่ทำงานมากมาย .. ไปไม่รอด
หากเจ้านายเป็นต่างชาติที่ไม่อาจใช้ภาษาไทยได้ .. ปัญญาชนเหล่านี้ที่ไม่สามารถสื่อกับผู้บริหารต่างชาติได้ .. ก็จะไม่มีโอกาสเสนอผลงาน ไม่อาจทำงานในระดับบริหารได้เลย ตลอดกาล
เจ้าของภาษาเอง ในเมืองของเขาใช่ว่า grammar จะดีเด่นอะไร .. แต่เขาไม่ให้ความสนใจมาก .. เขาไม่ให้ราคากับเรื่อง "หลักภาษาที่ถูกต้อง" เลยแม้แต่นิดเดียวในระดับนักเรียน นักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัย .. อาจมีข้อยกเว้นในบริบทของพิธีการทูตเท่านั้น !
การกังวล ยึดมั่น ถือมั่นกับเรื่อง grammar ทำให้ขาดความมั่นใจที่จะสื่อสาร .. ทั้งๆที่เป็นเรื่องฝืนธรรมชาติที่ไปสอน เขียน อ่าน ก่อนพูด
ฝรั่ง แขก ญี่ปุ่น จีน ทุกประเทศที่เข้ามาอยู่เมืองไทยนานๆ จนสามารถพูดคุยด้วยภาษาไทยรู้เรื่อง .. แทบทั้ง 100% นั้นต้องบอกว่าไม่สามารถอ่าน เขียนภาษาไทยได้เลย .. พูดได้อย่างเดียว
และเพียงอย่างเดียวนั้นก็พอแล้วสำหรับเรื่องการสื่อสารของคนเรา .. เพราะมันสำคัญที่สุด
ก็แค่พูดกันได้ .. บอกความต้องการของเรา เขา กันได้ มันก็เพียงพอแล้วกับการใช้ชีวิตในประจำวันของคนเรา ..
จะเอาภาษาหรูหราอลังการไปหาพระแสงอันใด ?
ไม่เคยมีฝรั่งนักท่องเที่ยวถือป้ายยืนประท้วงใช่ไหมหากคนไทยสักคนที่เขาพูดคุยด้วยพูดผิด grammar ? - 555
แต่เด็กไทย เอาเรื่องพูดไว้หลังสุด .. เขียน อ่าน ก่อนเลย โดยการท่องสาระพัดกฎเกณฑ์ .. เรียนตั้งแต่ ป.5 สำหรับเด็กบ้านนอกยุคเก่า .. จนจบปริญญาตรีก็ประมาณ 13 ปี .. ผล-พูดไม่ได้ ต้องมาเรียน AUA กันต่อ 555
สมัยนี้เริ่มเรียนตั้งแต่ อนุบาล ประถม เพิ่มขึ้นอีก 5-6 ปี รวม 18-19 ปีทีเดียว .. ก็ยังไม่ดีขึ้นกว่าคนรุ่นก่อนมากนัก ..
ยังไม่ต้องพูดถึงเรื่องการเขียน wording เชิงวิชาการเนื้อหาหนักแบบข้างบนก็แล้วกัน .. เอาแค่เขียน e-mail โต้ตอบกับต่างชาติก็ยังหืดขึ้นคอสำหรับบัณฑิตหลักสูตรไทย !
คงต้องเน้นย้ำแบบจริงจังอีกครั้งว่า .. ความสามารถทางภาษาอังกฤษ สำคัญกว่าความสามารถทางการคำนวณ .. เมื่อจบไปทำงานแล้วทุกประตู !
ดังนั้นใครที่พอมีกำลังทางเศรษฐกิจ พยายามเถิดให้ลูกหลานเข้าเรียน english program จะเป็นการช่วยติดปีกให้เด็กบินสูงกว่าเด็กอื่นได้ดีที่สุด
ประเด็นเนื้อหา ..
ทัสมาเนีย เป็นเกาะขนาดใหญ่อยู่ทางใต้ของออสเตรเลีย ที่สามารถพูดได้ว่า เป็นพื้นที่เกษตรกรรม คล้ายๆกับชนบทไทย
ข้อมูลที่มีไม่มากนักในวิกิพีเดียเขียนไว้ว่า ..
เกาะแทสเมเนีย เป็นรัฐหนึ่งของประเทศออสเตรเลีย ตั้งอยู่ห่างออกไปราว 240 กม. (150 ไมล์) ทางตอนใต้ของส่วนตะวันออกของทวีปออสเตรเลีย โดยถูกกั้นด้วยช่องแคบบาสส์ แทสเมเนียมีประชากรราว 456,652 คน (จากการสำรวจสำมะโนประชากรในปี ค.ศ. 2001) และมีพื้นที่ 68,332 กม.² (26,383 ตารางไมล์) จากการสำรวจเมื่อวันที่ 31 มีนาคม ค.ศ. 2003 พบว่าแทสเมเนียมีประชากรที่อยู่อาศัยจริงราว 476,199 คน ชื่อเล่นของแทสเมเนียคือ เกาะแอปเปิล เนื่องจากมีการปลูกแอปเปิลมาก และรูปร่างของเกาะที่เหมือนผลแอปเปิล
เมืองหลวงและเมืองขนาดใหญ่ที่สุดของเกาะคือเมืองโฮบาร์ต ซึ่งรวมถึงชุมชนโฮบาร์ต เกลนอร์ชี และ แคลเรนซ์ เมืองใหญ่ที่มีประชากรจำนวนมากอีกแห่งได้แก่เมืองลอนเซสตัน ทางตอนเหนือ และเดวอนพอร์ต กับเบอร์นีทางตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือของเกาะ
เกาะแมกควารี ซึ่งเป็นเกาะเล็กของทวีปแอนตาร์กติก ก็อยู่ในความปกครองของรัฐแทสเมเนีย แทสเมเนียยังเป็นที่รู้จักในเรื่องของธรรมชาติที่งดงาม มีสัตว์หายากที่พบได้บนเกาะนี้ที่เดียว ได้แก่แทสเมเนียนเดวิล
ข้อมูลทางเศรษฐกิจ มีรอบด้านครบครัน เพื่อจะปูทางยกประเด็นข้อด้อยที่ผ่านมาและเป็นอยู่เพื่อแก้ไขปรับปรุง รวมทั้งข้อเด่นที่ควรพัฒนายกระดับ เพื่อให้เป็นรัฐที่พึ่งพาตัวเองได้ในทางเศรษฐกิจ และค่อยๆลดการพึ่งพารัฐบาลกลางลงให้มากที่สุดจนสามารถทัดเทียมกับรัฐอื่นๆได้
ซึ่งอย่างไรเสียในความเป็นรัฐในประเทศที่พัฒนาแล้ว .. แม้อาจด้อยกว่ารัฐอื่นๆในประเทศเดียวกันอยู่บ้างก็ตาม แต่หากมองในบริบทของความเป็นระเบียบ ความสะอาด การเคารพกฎหมายของผู้คน รวมทั้งความปลอดภัยในชีวิตและทรัพย์สินแล้ว .. เราคงไม่อาจปฏิเสธได้ว่าทัสมาเนียมีความน่าไปท่องเที่ยวมากกว่าประเทศกำลังพัฒนาที่มักขาดความปลอดภัยในชีวิตและทรัพย์สินมากมาย
และ การท่องเที่ยว จะเป็นอีกประเด็นที่น่าสนใจลงทุนลงแรงของรัฐบาลออสเตรเลีย .. ซึ่งมองว่าทัสมาเนียมีภูมิประเทศไม่ต่างกันมากนักกับ นิวซีแลนด์ ในแง่ระดับที่ตั้ง อากาศ ผู้คน .. แถมเป็นเมืองฝรั่งที่ค่าครองชีพไม่แพงมากเหมือนทางยุโรป ..
ในเมื่อ ..
การเป็นเมืองอุตสาหกรรม .. ไม่เหมาะเพราะขาดแคลนแรงงาน
การเป็นเมืองค้าขายแบบเมืองท่าอย่างสิงคโปร์ ฮ่องกง .. ไม่เหมาะเพราะทำเลที่ตั้ง
การเกษตรกรรม .. สามารถรักษาไว้เพื่อเสริมอุตสาหกรรมท่องเที่ยว
การเป็นเมืองท่องเที่ยว .. จึงควรสนับสนุนส่งเสริม
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| Create Date : 08 เมษายน 2556 |
| Last Update : 13 ตุลาคม 2558 19:56:56 น. |
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ผู้ติดตามบล็อก : 151 คน [
It's apparently seen that the student authors of this paper have much critical thinking and good planning qualities. I really have no idea whether the Thai students of the same grade are capable of doing that or just writing a piece of paper containing at least 500-1000 words. I'm not saying that the Thai students are not able to think critically and logically. In many contexts, it's obviously shown that many of them can. What matters here and is really in an urgent need, to be specific, is the learning system/process effectively designed to enhance learners' foreign language proficiency, confidence, and critical and logical thinking. Still, its a long way to go to get the Thai education system fixed. However, hope is good, maybe the best!