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ʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡ÄÉ (English Gothic architecture)
ʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡ÄÉ ËÃ×Í ¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡ÄÉ (English Gothic architecture ËÃ×Í English Gothic) à»ç¹ÅѡɳÐʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ·ÕèÃØè§àÃ×ͧ¢Öé¹ã¹Íѧ¡ÄÉÃÐËÇèÒ§ÃÒÇ»Õ ¤.È. 1180 ¶Ö§ÃÒÇ»Õ ¤.È. 1520
ÅѡɳТͧʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤¢Í§Íѧ¡ÄÉ¡çàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤¢Í§ÊèǹÍ×è¹æ ã¹ÂØâû ·Õèºè§ÅѡɳÐä´é¨Ò¡¡ÒÃãªé«ØéÁâ¤é§áËÅÁ ྴҹâ¤é§áËÅÁ ¤éÓÂѹ ˹éÒµèÒ§¡ÇéÒ§áÅÐÊÙ§ áÅÐËÍËÃ×ÍËÅѧ¤Ò·Õèà»ç¹ÂÍ´áËÅÁ (spire)
ʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤à¢éÒÁÒã¹Íѧ¡Äɨҡ½ÃÑè§àÈÊ àÁ×èÍͧ¤ì»ÃСͺµèÒ§æ ·ÕèÁÕÅѡɳзÕèàÃÕ¡ÇèÒ “¡Í¸Ô¤” ä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃÊÃéÒ§ÃÇÁ¡Ñ¹ã¹ÇÑ´à´ÕÂÇ·ÕèºÒ«ÔÅÔ¡Ò᫧µìà´Í¹ÕÊì¹Í¡¡Ãا»ÒÃÕÊà»ç¹¤ÃÑé§ááâ´Âáͺºç͵«Ùá¡Ãì ·Õèä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃʶһ¹Òã¹»Õ ¤.È. 1144
¤ÃÔʵìÈÒʹʶҹááã¹Íѧ¡ÄÉ·Õèãªéʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤ ÍÂèÒ§à»ç¹·Ò§¡Òä×ÍÁËÒÇÔËÒÃ᤹àµÍÃìºÃÕ áÅÐáͺºÕàÇʵìÁÔ¹ÊàµÍÃì ÅѡɳÐËÅÒÂÍÂèÒ§¢Í§Ê¶Ò»ÑµÂ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤ ÇÔÇѲ¹Ò¡ÒÃÁҨҡʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁâÃÁÒà¹Ê¡ì (ËÃ×Í·ÕèÃÙé¨Ñ¡¡Ñ¹ã¹Íѧ¡ÄÉÇèÒʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¹ÍÃìÁѹ)
¡ÒÃÇÔÇѲ¹Ò¡ÒÃàËç¹ä´éªÑ´ ·ÕèÁËÒÇÔËÒÃà´ÍáÃÁ·Õèà»ç¹ÁËÒÇÔËÒÃẺ¹ÍÃìÁѹáµèàÃÔèÁáÊ´§ÅѡɳзÕèÍÍ¡ä»·Ò§¡Í¸Ô¤ â´ÂÁÕྴҹÊѹ·ÕèÊÙ§áÅÐáËÅÁ¢Öé¹
ʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤·ÕèÇÔÇѲ¹Ò¡ÒõèÍÁÒã¹Íѧ¡ÄÉ ºÒ§¤ÃÑ駡ç¤Ù袹ҹ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÇÔÇѲ¹Ò¡ÒÃã¹ÂØâû áµèºÒ§¤ÃÑé§ÅѡɳСÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§¡çà¡Ô´¢Öé¹à©¾ÒÐã¹Íѧ¡ÄÉ
¹Ñ¡»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃìÁÑ¡¨Ðáºè§Ê¶Ò»ÑµÂ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡ÄÉÍÍ¡à»ç¹ÊÁÑ áµèÅÐÊÁÑ¡çÁÕÅѡɳзÕèµèÒ§æ ¡Ñ¹·Õèà»ç¹ÅѡɳÐ੾ÒзÕè·ÓãËéᵡµèÒ§¨Ò¡ÊÁÑÂÍ×è¹æ
ʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤ã¹Íѧ¡ÄÉ Âѧ¤§à»ç¹·Õè¹ÔÂÁ¡Ñ¹ÃÒÇ˹Öè§ÃéÍÂ»Õ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÃÔàÃÔèÁʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¿×鹿ÙÈÔÅ»ÇÔ·ÂÒ㹿ÅÍàù«ì àÁ×è͵鹤ÃÔʵìȵÇÃÃÉ·Õè 15 ¤ÇÒÁ¹ÔÂÁʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤ã¹Íѧ¡ÄÉÁÒá·¹·Õè´éÇÂʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¿×鹿ÙÈÔÅ»ÇÔ·ÂÒã¹»ÅÒ¤ÃÔʵìȵÇÃÃÉ·Õè 16 áÅе鹤ÃÔʵìȵÇÃÃÉ·Õè 17
áµèËѹ¡ÅѺÁÒà»ç¹·Õè¹ÔÂÁ¡Ñ¹ÍÕ¡¤ÃÑé§ã¹»ÅÒ¤ÃÔʵìȵÇÃÃÉ·Õè 18 ã¹Ê¶Ò»ÑµÂ¡ÃÃÁʶҺѹ·ÕèàÃÕ¡ÇèÒʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¿×鹿١͸Ԥ «Öè§à»ç¹ÅѡɳзÕè¹ÔÂÁ¡Ñ¹µÅÍ´ÁÒ¨¹¶Ö§¤ÃÔʵìȵÇÃÃÉ·Õè 19
ʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¢¹Ò´ãËè·ÕèÊÓ¤Ñæ ã¹Íѧ¡ÄÉâ´Â੾ÒÐÁËÒÇÔËÒÃã¹Âؤ¡ÅÒ§ (Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England) ÊèǹãËèáÅéÇà»ç¹ÊÔ觡èÍÊÃéҧẺ¡Í¸Ô¤ àªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺ»ÃÒÊÒ· Çѧ ¤ÄËÒʹìÊÓ¤Ñ (Great house) ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂ
áÅÐÊÔ觡èÍÊÃéÒ§¢¹Ò´ÂèÍÁŧÁÒ·ÕèÃÇÁ·Ñé§ÊÔ觡èÍÊÃéÒ§àªè¹ ºéҹʧà¤ÃÒÐËì (almshouse) ËÃ×ÍËÍ¡ÒäéÒ¢Ò ÊÔ觡èÍÊÃéÒ§ÍÕ¡¡ÅØèÁ˹Ö觢ͧʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤¤×ÍÇÑ´»ÃШӷéͧ¶Ôè¹ (parish church) «Ö觡çàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺÁËÒÇÔËÒ÷ÕèÁÕ¾×é¹°Ò¹à´ÔÁÁÒ¨Ò¡ÊÔ觡èÍÊÃéҧẺ¹ÍÃìÁѹ
ÈѾ·ì·Õèãªéã¹Ê¶Ò»ÑµÂ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡ÄÉ
¡ÒáÅèÒǶ֧ʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡ÄÉà»ç¹ä»µÒÁÅѡɳзÕèÁÒ¨Ò¡¤ÓºÃÃÂÒ¢ͧ·ÍÁÑÊ ÃÔ¤áÁ¹ (Thomas Rickman) ¼Ùé·ÕèàÃÔèÁãªé¤ÓÇèÒʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡ÄÉà»ç¹¤¹áá à¾×èÍ·Õè¨Ð¾ÂÒÂÒÁáÊ´§ÅѡɳзÕèà»ç¹àÍ¡ÅÑ¡É³ì ¢Í§Ê¶Ò»ÑµÂ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤¢Í§Íѧ¡ÄÉ
¹Ñ¡»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃìºÒ§¤¹¡ÅèÒǶ֧ÅѡɳÐʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁµèÒ§æ ¢Í§Íѧ¡ÄÉà»ç¹ “ÊÁÑ” (period) àªè¹ “ÊÁÑÂà¾ÍÃìà¾ç¹´Ô¤ÔÇÅÒÃì” (Perpendicular period) àªè¹à´ÕÂǡѺ¡ÒúÃÃÂÒÂà˵ءÒóìã¹»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵÃì ÅѡɳеèÒ§æ ·ÕèÇÔÇѲ¹Ò¡ÒâÖé¹ã¹Íѧ¡ÄÉ
àËç¹ä´éªÑ´ã¹¡ÒáèÍÊÃéÒ§ÁËÒÇÔËÒà áͺºÕ áÅФÃÔʵìÈÒʹÒÍ×è¹æ áµèÅѡɳСÒáèÍÊÃéÒ§ÁËÒÇÔËÒ÷ءÁËÒÇÔËÒáàÇ鹡çáµèÁËÒÇÔËÒëÍÅʺÃÕ áÊ´§ãËéàË繶֧ÅѡɳзÕèᵡµèÒ§æ ¡Ñ¹Í͡仵ÒÁÅѡɳÐʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ ·ÕèÇÔÇѲ¹Ò¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ã¹ªèǧàÇÅÒ 400 »Õ¢Í§¡ÒáèÍÊÃéÒ§
ʶһѵ¡ÃÃÁ¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡ÄÉáºè§ä´éà»ç¹ÊÒÁÊÁÑÂ
“¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡Äɵ͹µé¹” (Early English) (ÃÒÇ ¤.È.1180−¤.È.1275)
“¡Í¸Ô¤Íѧ¡Äɵ¡áµè§” ËÃ×Í “¡Í¸Ô¤µ¡áµè§” (Decorated) (ÃÒÇ ¤.È. 1275−¤.È.1380)
“¡Í¸Ô¤à¾ÍÃìà¾ç¹´Ô¤ÔÇÅÒÃì” ËÃ×Í “¡Í¸Ô¤ÊÙ§” (Perpendicular) (ÃÒÇ ¤.È.1380−¤.È.1520)
¢Í¢Íº¤Ø³ ÇÔ¡Ô¾Õà´Õ ÊÒÃҹءÃÁàÊÃÕ
ÊÇÑÊ´ÔìÊÔÃÔȹÔÇÒà »ÃÕ´ÔìÁÒ¹ÃÁàÂȤèÐ
Create Date : 21 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2553 |
Last Update : 12 ÁԶعÒ¹ 2553 19:44:10 ¹. |
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