0004. The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) by Peter Ferdinand Drucker ...ประเทศเยอรมัน ระหว่างปี ค.ศ. 1933-1945 อดอล์ฟ ฮิตเลอร์ (Adolf Hitler) เป็นผู้นำ (ฟือเร่อ) ของประเทศเยอรมนี และ เป็นผู้นำของพรรคกรรมกรสังคมนิยมแห่งเยอรมนี หรือพรรคนาซี(nazi) ... อดอล์ฟ ฮิตเลอร์ (ขวา) และ มุสโสลินี (ซ้าย) ...กองทัพเยอรมันในปี 1935 การชุมนุมที่นูเรมเบริ์ก .... ที่ประเทศ อิตาลี เบนีโต อามิลกาเร อานเดรอา มุสโสลีนี (Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini) เรียกชื่อโดยทั่วไปว่า "อิลดูเช" (Il Duce) แปลว่า "ท่านผู้นำ" เป็นจอมเผด็จการและนายกรัฐมนตรีของประเทศอิตาลี (พ.ศ. 2465–พ.ศ. 2486) หรือ October 31, 1922 – July 25, 1943 31 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2465 เบนิโต มุสโสลินี (Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini) ก้าวขึ้นเป็นนายกรัฐมนตรีของอิตาลี ขณะอายุ 39 ปี ถือว่าเป็นนายกฯ ที่อายุน้อยที่สุดของอิตาลี เรียกชื่อโดยทั่วไปว่า "อิล ดูเช" (Il Duce) แปลว่า "ท่านผู้นำ" มุสโสลินีเป็นนายกรัฐมนตรีจอมเผด็จการในช่วง พ.ศ. 2465 – 2486 ก่อนหน้านั้นในปี 2462 มุสโสลินีได้ก่อตั้งพรรค "ฟาซิดี คอมแบตติเมนโต" หรือพรรค "ฟาสซิสท์" (Fascist) พ.ศ. 2468 เขาได้สถาปนาตนเองเป็นเผด็จการเต็มรูป บังคับให้ยกเลิกระบบรัฐสภา แทนด้วย "รัฐบรรษัท" (Corporate State) รวบอำนาจอย่างเป็นทางการ จัดตั้งรัฐวาติกัน ยึดอบิสซีเนียละอัลบาเนียเป็นเมืองขึ้น พร้อมกับการประกาศเข้าร่วมเป็นฝ่ายอักษะกับอดอฟ ฮิตเลอร์แห่งประเทศเยอรมนี ในที่สุดมุสโสลินีถูกจับได้โดยฝ่ายต่อต้านชาวอิตาเลียนเมื่อปี 2488 ถูกยิงแล้วนำศพไปแขวนประจานที่เมืองโคโมและเมืองมิลาน ที่ประเทศญี่ปุ่น นายพลฮิเดกิ โตโจ ...1941 นายพลฮิเดกิ โตโจ นายทหารคนสำคัญก็ได้เป็นนายกรัฐมนตรี และนับตั้งแต่นั้นมาประเทศญี่ปุ่น ก็มีรูปแบบการบริหาร แบบฟาสซิสต์เหมือนในยุโรป ทางด้านเยอรมนี ... ...ประเทศสยาม หรือ ประเทศไทย นายกรัฐมนตรีไทย คนที่ 3 ดำรงตำแหน่ง สมัยที่ 1: 16 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2481 – 1 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2487 (ลาออก) สมัยที่ 2: 8 เมษายน พ.ศ. 2491 – 16 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2500 (รัฐประหาร) จอมพล แปลก พิบูลสงคราม หรือที่เรียกกันทั่วไปว่า "จอมพล ป." เป็น นายกรัฐมนตรี ที่มีเวลาดำรงตำแหน่ง รวมกันมากที่สุดของไทย คือ 14 ปี 11 เดือน 18 วัน มีนโยบายที่สำคัญคือ การมุ่งมั่นพัฒนาประเทศไทย ให้มีความเจริญรุ่งเรืองทัดเทียมนานาอารยะประเทศ มีการปลุกระดมให้คนไทยรู้สึกรักชาติ โดยออกประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี ว่าด้วย "รัฐนิยม" หลายอย่าง ซึ่งบางอย่างได้ประกาศเป็นกฎหมายในภายหลัง หลายอย่างกลายเป็นวัฒนธรรมของชาิติ เช่น การรำวง ก๋วยเตี๋ยวผัดไทย เป็นผู้เปลี่ยนชื่อ "ประเทศสยาม" เป็น "ประเทศไทย" และเป็นผู้เปลี่ยน "เพลงชาติไทย" มาเป็นเพลงที่ใช้กันอยู่ในปัจจุบัน คำขวัญที่รู้จักกันดีของนายกรัฐมนตรีผู้นี้คือ "เชื่อผู้นำชาติพ้นภัย" และ "ไทยอยู่คู่ฟ้า" และ Peter F. Drucker ....Peter F. Drucker ได้เขียนหนังสือเล่มแรกในปี ค.ศ. 1939 ชื่อ The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) The End of Economic Man The Origins of Totalitarianism By: Peter F Drucker ISBN: 9781560006213 Format: Paperback, 276pp Publisher: Transaction Publishers Price: $24.95 ถ้าจะให้แปลเป็นไทย ผมให้ชื่อว่า... อวสานของเศรษฐกรหนุ่ม : จุดเริ่มต้นของลัทธิเผด็จการ โดย ปีเตอร์ เอฟ ดรักเกอร์ Totalitarianism : ลัทธิรวบรวมอำนาจ total : รวมทั้งหมด, ยอด tatally : เด็ดขาด, เบ็ดเสร็จ,เลยทีเดียว   Create Date : 16 มีนาคม 2551 15 comments Last Update : 18 มีนาคม 2551 18:03:33 น. Counter : 5521 Pageviews. Share Tweet

Customer Reviews By Mr. D. S. Stadler (London, UK) - See all my reviews I've been a fan of Druckers for many years but did not get around to reading his first book until very recently. This is not the usual Drucker fare, though fellow readers will recognize his reach and style. In this book Peter Drucker attempts nothing less than to explain what Totalitarianism (particularly Facism and Nazism) are about. And I think he largely succeeds. But the subject is 60 years ago, so why buy it now? Because the book also explains much of what is going on today. The alienation many of us feel, the deadening effects of globalization on our economic and inner lives is echoed in this book. Why do Palestinians blow themselves up and Austrians and Frenchmen vote for Haider and Le Pen? Because capitalism fails to satisfy identity and equality needs. Not just income equality but status equality. Many of Drucker's later books attempt to solve some of capitalism's legitimacy and equality deficiencies, but globalism has rolled back much of the progress which has been made.   โดย: Customer Reviews (moonfleet ) 16 มีนาคม 2551 22:36:32 น.

The Philosophy Behind Totalitariansim, November 9, 2006 By G. Michael Cowan (Galveston, Texas USA) - See all my reviews This book was published in 1939 by a person who was in Germany when Hitler took over. This is the fourth book I have read by Peter F. Drucker and is the most difficult to understand; but if you studied philosophy in college, you should like it. The causes of totalitarianism are complex, and he deals with them in great detail. He also compares and contrasts Fascism and Communism. (They are more similar than I had assumed.) Even though he does not discuss Islamic extremism, this book also gave me insight on what going on in that movement.   โดย: The Philosophy Behind Totalitariansim, November 9, 2006 (moonfleet ) 16 มีนาคม 2551 22:37:32 น.

BEFORE PETER DRUCKER BECAME A CELEBRITY, October 5, 2007 By Drew B "One Big Idea Consulting" (Auckland New Zealand) - See all my reviews When you read The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram and Drucker's earlies writings like this one - both ignored by every single one of the USA Washington and UK London regimes, one has to wonder what the world would now have been like, if both Drucker and Milgram had been taken seriously. The future of the managerial cadre is poised on the brink and Blanckenberg & Blanckenberg teach both Drucker and Milgram in all our training seminars at One Big Idea Consulting Limited NZ. At the same time we introduce managers to Karl Popper reminding them that Popper shaped his thinking in New Zealand before settling in London Bounds of Freedom: Popper, Liberty and Ecological Rationality (Series in the Philosophy of Karl R. Popper and Critical Rationalism, 16) (Series in the Philosophy of Ka)   โดย: BEFORE PETER DRUCKER BECAME A CELEBRITY, October 5, 2007 (moonfleet ) 16 มีนาคม 2551 22:39:54 น.

The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) by Peter Ferdinand Drucker The end of economic man in Europe TYPE Article BY Peter Ferdinand Drucker PUBLISHED May 1939 VIEW PAGESPDF SUBJECTS Economic man Fascism Socialism   โดย: The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) by Peter Ferdinand Drucker (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 16:18:33 น.

The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) by Peter Ferdinand Drucker Customer Reviews The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism A great book, April 30, 2002 By Mr. D. S. Stadler (London, UK) - See all my reviews I've been a fan of Druckers for many years but did not get around to reading his first book until very recently. This is not the usual Drucker fare, though fellow readers will recognize his reach and style. In this book Peter Drucker attempts nothing less than to explain what Totalitarianism (particularly Facism and Nazism) are about. And I think he largely succeeds. But the subject is 60 years ago, so why buy it now? Because the book also explains much of what is going on today. The alienation many of us feel, the deadening effects of globalization on our economic and inner lives is echoed in this book. Why do Palestinians blow themselves up and Austrians and Frenchmen vote for Haider and Le Pen? Because capitalism fails to satisfy identity and equality needs. Not just income equality but status equality. Many of Drucker's later books attempt to solve some of capitalism's legitimacy and equality deficiencies, but globalism has rolled back much of the progress which has been made.   โดย: The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) by Peter Ferdinand Drucker (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:11:22 น.

The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) by Peter Ferdinand Drucker The Philosophy Behind Totalitariansim, November 9, 2006 By G. Michael Cowan (Galveston, Texas USA) - See all my reviews This book was published in 1939 by a person who was in Germany when Hitler took over. This is the fourth book I have read by Peter F. Drucker and is the most difficult to understand; but if you studied philosophy in college, you should like it. The causes of totalitarianism are complex, and he deals with them in great detail. He also compares and contrasts Fascism and Communism. (They are more similar than I had assumed.) Even though he does not discuss Islamic extremism, this book also gave me insight on what going on in that movement.   โดย: The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) by Peter Ferdinand Drucker (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:12:32 น.

The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) by Peter Ferdinand Drucker BEFORE PETER DRUCKER BECAME A CELEBRITY, October 5, 2007 By Drew B "One Big Idea Consulting" (Auckland New Zealand) - See all my reviews When you read The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram and Drucker's earlies writings like this one - both ignored by every single one of the USA Washington and UK London regimes, one has to wonder what the world would now have been like, if both Drucker and Milgram had been taken seriously. The future of the managerial cadre is poised on the brink and Blanckenberg & Blanckenberg teach both Drucker and Milgram in all our training seminars at One Big Idea Consulting Limited NZ. At the same time we introduce managers to Karl Popper reminding them that Popper shaped his thinking in New Zealand before settling in London Bounds of Freedom: Popper, Liberty and Ecological Rationality (Series in the Philosophy of Karl R. Popper and Critical Rationalism, 16) (Series in the Philosophy of Ka) Managerial success is much more than how to make a quick buck in a fast-moving global era. Drucker, Milgram and Popper were aware of this.   โดย: The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939) by Peter Ferdinand Drucker (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:14:38 น.

The Education of Peter Drucker   โดย: The Education of Peter Drucker (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:35:22 น.

The Education of Peter Drucker Hailed as "the father of management theory," Peter F. Drucker was also (as he once labeled himself) a "social ecologist"—a student of the success and failure, the rise and fall of societies. In one of his last public interviews, on the National Public Radio program On Point, he saw a "very difficult transition" coming for Americans as they adjust to a world in which their country is no longer "the big boss"—a world of stronger economies, more creative societies, and plural value systems. Certainly, he said, the new century is beginning badly for the United States. Even though President George W. Bush had awarded him the nation's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, in 2002, Drucker told On Point in December 2004 of his despair over the "tragedy of Iraq—a total disaster." Being the big boss for so long had given Americans a false sense of their power—and of their country's rightness. The humbling of U.S. power in Iraq and the rejection of U.S. pretensions to virtue around the world, he feared, was a harbinger of humblings to come. Peter Drucker was born into a country that precipitately came down in the world. In 1914 the Austro-Hungarian Empire ruled more than 50 million Europeans from the Alps to the borders of Russia. But by 1918 Austria had been reduced to an alpine republic of 6.5 million, and Drucker's native Vienna had been rendered a mere capital of nostalgia. The Great War had splintered the "Dual Monarchy" of the Emperor Franz Josef into the national and religious shards that are still contending in the Balkans today. "How does it feel to be ending your days under the rule of another Austrian?" (California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger) Drucker was recently asked. "I'm not impressed with Austrians," he sardonically replied. "I've known too many of them." Like Conrad's "Mr. Kurtz," all Europe went into the making of Peter Drucker. His father, Adolph, was a lawyer/ economist with a high government job; his mother, Caroline, had studied medicine. They shared their professional interests with Peter and his younger brother Gerhart, and gave them an unrivaled education by including them in their Vienna "evenings." "My father had a dinner party every Monday" Peter recalled. "There were often economists, ranking civil servants, even a major international lawyer." Later in the week Caroline would hold a medical dinner. At one, Peter heard leading physicians debate the theories of Vienna's most famous psychiatrist, Sigmund Freud. There were also musical evenings: Peter's grandmother was a soloist with the Vienna Philharmonic under the baton of Gustav Mahler. And there were literary evenings, even mathematical and statistical evenings. Peter's formal schooling could not add much to this intellectual saturation. Still, he "worshipped" Miss Elsa and Miss Sophy, the sister-teachers at the private school where his parents sent him after the public school failed to teach him to write legibly. It was a progressive school: Miss Elsa and Miss Sophy taught the boys to cook and sew and the girls to hammer and saw. Miss Elsa offered terse encouragement ("Better than last week"), while Miss Sophy's approval came in the form of a warm smile—"pure bliss to the beholder." "When fifty years later, the Women's Libbers announced that the Lord is really a woman," Peter recalled, "I was not a bit surprised." Postwar Vienna was fixated on "prewar," when everything had been better. "All they talked about was life before 1914," he said. " I was surrounded by extinct volcanoes." Future-facing Peter could not stand it. After finishing high school, instead of going on to Vienna's medical school, as his father desired, Peter left to take a clerk's job in Hamburg. He was seventeen. "I had sat in school long enough." Days, he worked. Evenings, he took classes in the law faculty of Hamburg University. German universities were notoriously slack, and decades later Peter wanted it understood that he was a part-time student: "Full-time students did not spend four years working hard and studying law. They spent four years in an agreeable haze compounded of two parts beer and one part sex." He found time to publish a paper in the September 1929 issue of a prestigious economic journal. It predicted—just one month before the Great Crash—that the bull market of the 1920s would stay bullish. That cured Peter of soothsaying. Post-crash, the newspaper The Frankfurter General-Anzeiger hired him as a financial writer and soon named him senior editor. He was twenty. The war had killed off the generation of German and Austrian thirty-five-year-olds who should have filled such jobs. Since his day at the paper began at 6 A.M. and ended at 2, Peter set about completing his law degree at the University of Frankfurt in the rigorous German manner. He never attended a class—it was enough to take an examination at the end of the year—except for the one he taught in international law for an indisposed professor. There he met a young woman from Mainz, Doris Schmitz—his future wife of seventy-one years. Germany had entered the nightmare years. Millions had lost jobs in the Great Depression. Black-shirted Nazi thugs paraded in the streets. Unreason ruled. Peter witnessed a "wildly cheering rally" at which a Nazi logician displayed the "abracadabra of fascism" with this burst of irrationality: "We don't want lower bread prices, we don't want higher bread prices, we don't want unchanged bread prices—we want National Socialist bread prices!" Partly as an act of protest—to hold up a German of an earlier generation as an exemplar of tolerance—Peter published a pamphlet on Friedrich Julius Stahl (1802-1861), a legal philosopher, a liberal parliamentarian, and a Jew. The Nazis burned it. Drucker recalls that after sitting through a foul-mouthed harangue against the Jewish faculty delivered by the Nazi goon now in charge of the university, "I knew I would leave Germany in forty-eight hours." He set out for England, and within days of landing there, took a job as a securities analyst for a London firm; luckily his stock-market prognostication of September 1929 had been written in German. While going up the escalator at the Piccadilly Circus tube station, Peter passed Doris Schmitz coming down. When he reached the street, he quickly took the escalator back down, only to pass her coming up. Eventually they connected. During his four-year stay in England, Drucker sat in on John Maynard Keynes's economics seminar at Cambridge University and made an important discovery: He "suddenly realized that Keynes and all the brilliant economics students in the room were interested in the behavior of commodities while I was interested in the behavior of people." His interest in people would lead him to the study of management and a career as a management consultant to institutions (the Pentagon), corporations (from General Electric down to small furniture makers), and charitable organizations (ranging from the Girl Scouts to Protestant megachurches). "This is a person business," he said of consulting. "We are not greengrocers selling commodities." As for economics: "There is only one point on which the economists and are in agreement: I am not an economist."   โดย: "the father of management theory," Peter F. Drucker (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:37:20 น.

From the archives: "'Invent Radium or I'll Pull Your Hair'" (August 1998) The story of how young Doris Schmitz fought for independence from her Prussian mother, got an education, and fell in love with an eloquent young Austrian named Peter Drucker. By Doris Drucker "Beyond the Information Revolution" (October 1999) The author gauges the significance of e-commerce and throws light on the future of "the knowledge worker," his own coinage. By Peter F. Drucker "The Age of Social Transformation" (November 1994) A survey of the epoch that began early in this century, and an analysis of its latest manifestations. By Peter F. Drucker   โดย: By Peter F. Drucker (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:38:20 น.

London soon paled for Drucker: The talk was all of "pre-war" even as a new war loomed. He had begun writing for U.S. periodicals and increasingly saw his future in America. In 1937 he talked the London Financial Times into sending him here—though not, he later emphasized, as a conventional correspondent: "I came instead as a writer." "Since I was twenty," Drucker wrote at eighty-two, "writing has been the foundation of everything I have been doing." From the first he showed a mastery of modern English prose. He has that rarest quality in a writer of non-fiction—a voice, a characteristic way of saying. He describes Los Angeles as a "sun-drenched limbo—frowsy palms and peeling stucco." In retirement J.P. Morgan drifts into "well-heeled oblivion." He likens sociology to acne: "Civilization does not die from the disease but it itches." He can be satiric: "The only profit center is a customer whose check has not bounced." And flat-out funny: "If only for aesthetic reasons, I am not over-fond of the term 'Bottom-Up Management.'" Young writers could go to school on his first sentences. He begins one of his two novels, The Last of All Possible Worlds (1982), "This is the first of my nineteen books that admits to being fiction." Germany furnished him with the material for his first book, The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (1939). Winston Churchill not only wrote a laudatory review; after he became Britain's wartime Prime Minister he ordered that it be included in the "book kit" given to every graduate of Officer Candidate School. "It was, appropriately enough, packaged together with Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland by somebody in the War Department with a sense of humor." The End of Economic Man is, I believe, Drucker's foundational book. His vision of politics, society, management, business, and even of the social necessity of faith—all mine what he saw in a Germany fatally incubating fascism. Economic Man limns a crisis of belief in capitalism (and socialism), the causes of which have yet to be ameliorated. Ignoring its specifically European causes, Drucker focuses on the civilizational causes of fascism. We live in that same civilization. Writing at a time of economic collapse, Drucker asserted in the book that Economic Man's promise—that a society built around the market (the major social institution of the nineteenth century) could achieve "freedom and justice through economic development"—had failed, and that this had "destroyed the belief in capitalism as a social system." The Great War and the Depression made this crisis of belief a reality for millions. "These catastrophes broke through the everyday routine which makes men accept existing forms, institutions and tenets as unalterable laws. They suddenly exposed the vacuum behind the façade of society." Fascism filled that void with magic. Robbed of their belief in the justice and rationality of society, he wrote, the masses, ...must turn their hopes toward a miracle. In the depths of their despair reason cannot be believed, truth must be false and lies must be truth. 'Higher bread prices,' 'lower bread prices,' 'unchanged bread prices' have all failed. The only hope lies in a kind of bread price which is none of these, which nobody has seen before, and which believes the evidence of one's reason. In place of a market society, fascism sought to offer a "non-economic society," with non-economic incentives and satisfactions. For example, as a distraction from from the collapse of German agriculture and a shrinking diet, the Nazis provided the lower classes with "some of the non-economic paraphernalia of economic privilege"— theatre tickets, winter cruises, stays at health spas, and the like. In place of atomistic individualism these offered the feeling of belonging to a powerful group. Economic Man pursued self-interest. Fascist Man identified with a cause greater than himself. Capitalism's critics from the right have recurrently deplored its failure to provide non-economic satisfactions—its narrow rationality, its rejection of the heroic ethos, its exaltation of selfishness. The fascist persuasion feeds off these discontents. In the mounting reaction against globalization, in the calls for tariffs in the U.S. to protect "our" jobs from "them," in the European rejection of immigrants as the "enemy within," in the recrudescence of low-grade nationalism ("France for the French"), in the fierce in-group passions of fundamentalism, a whiff of fascism hangs in the twenty-first-century air. Anyone wishing to understand this countercurrent to the economic, technological, and financial flow toward international integration should start with The End of Economic Man. From that book forward Drucker has stressed the need for a strong non-economic society to make "inequality appear far less intolerable" and to shore people up against the bottom-line nihilism of the market. His work as a consultant to nonprofit organizations has been in furtherance of that goal. An anti-Utopian, he believed that "the bearable society" is the best we can achieve. Churches and secular voluntary organizations help men and women cope with the meaninglessness of much modern work. Whether in the course of making inequality bearable they also make it tolerable remains an open question. Peter Drucker's thirty-five books have sold in the millions. Probably no writer of the second half of the twentieth century has had more influence for the good. After the publication of his last major book, Post-Capitalist Society (1993) an interviewer asked Drucker if he thought his books had been understood and what effects he thought they had had. In reply he voiced his credo: I would hope that American managers—indeed, managers worldwide—continue to appreciate what I have been saying almost from day one: that management is so much more than exercising rank and privilege, that it is about so much more than "making deals." Management affects people and their lives. His life was a gift to humanity. Mixed with the grief that so many feel over his passing is gratitude for what he left behind.   โดย: I am not an economist." (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:40:15 น.

Jack Beatty is a senior editor at The Atlantic Monthly and the editor of Colossus: How the Corporation Changed America, which was named one of the top ten books of 2001 by Business Week. His previous books are The World According to Peter Drucker (1998) and The Rascal King: The Life and Times of James Michael Curley (1992).   โดย: Jack Beatty (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:40:47 น.

Management Visionary Peter Drucker Dies By Patricia Sullivan Washington Post Staff Writer Saturday, November 12, 2005; B06 Peter F. Drucker, 95, who was often called the world's most influential business guru and whose thinking transformed corporate management in the latter half of the 20th century, died Nov. 11 at his home in Claremont, Calif. No cause of death was reported, but he was under hospice care. His work influenced Winston Churchill, Bill Gates, Jack Welch and the Japanese business establishment. His more than three dozen books, written over 66 years and translated into 30 languages, also delivered his philosophy to newly promoted managers just out of the office cubicle. Mr. Drucker pioneered the idea of privatization and the corporation as a social institution. He coined the terms "knowledge workers" and "management by objectives." His seminal study of General Motors in 1945 introduced the concept of decentralization as a principle of organization, in contrast to the practice of command and control in business. "There is only one valid definition of business purpose: to create a customer," he said 45 years ago. Central to his philosophy was the belief that highly skilled people are an organization's most valuable resource and that a manager's job is to prepare and free people to perform. Good management can bring economic progress and social harmony, he said, adding that "although I believe in the free market, I have serious reservations about capitalism." It was a typical remark for a man who believed in the empowerment of workers and the futility of big government, which he called "obese, muscle-bound and senile." The most effective president, he told Forbes magazine 11 months ago, was Harry Truman, because "everybody who worked for him worshiped him because he was absolutely trustworthy." Ronald Reagan took second place: "His great strength was not charisma, as is commonly thought, but his awareness and acceptance of exactly what he could do and what he could not do." Mr. Drucker's extraordinary professional longevity took him from the rise of Hitler to the excesses of Enron. The Austrian native wrote for a mass business audience, but he studded his books with unusual references -- from Tang-dynasty China to seventh-century Byzantium to his heroine, novelist Jane Austen. In 1981, he said the best-run organization in the United States was the Girl Scouts of America. Peter Ferdinand Drucker was born Nov. 19, 1909 in Vienna. He worked as a financial reporter in Frankfurt, Germany, while he earned a doctoral degree in public and international law at Frankfurt University. He received his doctorate in 1931. The next year, he published an essay on a leading conservative philosopher that offended the Nazi government; his pamphlet was banned and burned. Mr. Drucker, increasingly worried by the Nazis, moved to London, where he worked for a merchant bank. In 1937, he moved to the United States and began working as a correspondent for several British newspapers. His first book, "The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism" (1939), was favorably reviewed by Churchill, and it was made required reading for every new British officer. Mr. Drucker taught part time at Sarah Lawrence College and then full time at Bennington College in Vermont. After publication of his second book, "The Future of Industrial Man" (1943), General Motors Corp. invited him to study GM's corporate structure. The two-year study put him in close contact with GM's legendary patriarch Alfred P. Sloan. The book that resulted, "The Concept of the Corporation" (1945), introduced the ideas of decentralizing decision-making and managing for the long-term by setting a series of short-term objectives. It was an immediate bestseller, although GM wasn't pleased initially; Mr. Drucker said he was told that a manager found with a copy would be fired. The ideas in it, however, launched the field of management and essentially created the field of consulting. He became professor of management in the graduate business school at New York University in 1950, and four years later, he published "The Practice of Management," which argued that management was one of the major social innovations of the century and posed three now-classic business questions: What is our business? Who is our customer? What does our customer consider valuable? In the early 1950s, when other business leaders figured the worldwide market for computers was in the single digits, he predicted that computer technology would thoroughly transform business. In 1961, he alerted his followers to the rise of Japan as an industrial power, and two decades later, he warned of its impending economic stagnation. In 1997, he predicted a backlash to burgeoning executive pay, saying, "In the next economic downturn, there will be an outbreak of bitterness and contempt for the super-corporate chieftains who pay themselves millions." Mr. Drucker demanded that public and private organizations operate ethically and decried managers who reap bonuses by laying off employees. "This is morally and socially unforgivable, and we will pay a heavy price for it," he said. He wasn't always right, and academics disdained his popular approach, criticizing him for relying on anecdotes and accusing him of manipulating facts to fit his positions. But evidence of his influence is found in just how ordinary his insights now seem: A company should streamline bureaucracy. Managers should look for more efficient models for organizing work. Results are obtained by exploiting opportunities, not solving problems. In 1971, Mr. Drucker moved to California, where he helped develop the country's first executive master's of business administration program for working professionals at Claremont Graduate University. Its management school, where he taught until 2002, is named after him. "In the world of management gurus, however, there is no debate. Peter Drucker is the one guru to whom other gurus kowtow," said the McKinsley Quarterly in 1996. Among Drucker's many honors, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002. Survivors include his wife, Doris Drucker of Claremont, Calif.; four children; and six grandchildren. © 2005 The Washington Post Company   โดย: จาก http://www.washingtonpost.com/ (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:42:34 น.

Subject: [IP] Peter Drucker passes on From: David Farber To: ip@v2.listbox.com Date: Sat, 12 Nov 2005 06:53:23 -0500 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Begin forwarded message: From: Paul Saffo Date: November 11, 2005 6:01:19 PM EST To: Dave Farber Subject: Peter Drucker passes on //www.latimes.com/news/local/la-111105drucker_lat, 0,2724903.story?coll=la-home-headlines Peter F. Drucker, Management Guru, Dies at 95 By James Flanigan and Thomas S. Mulligan Special to The Times 2:15 PM PST, November 11, 2005 Peter F. Drucker, considered by many the "father of modern management" for his innovative approaches to leadership in the workplace, died today. He was 95. His death was announced by Claremont Graduate University, where Drucker was the Marie Rankin Clarke professor of social sciences and management from 1971 to 2003, and where he continued to write and consult up to the time of his death. Drucker was called "the man who invented management," but on the occasion of his 90th birthday, he described his life work much more simply: "I looked at people, not at machines or buildings." That approach led to almost three dozen books and thousands of articles that form nothing less than a guide to the 20th century economy. Drucker did not think up economic theories or elaborate systems of business operation. Rather, he looked at people working, put them in historical context, and saw "a new liberal art": management. General Motors, which invited Drucker to study its corporate structure in 1943, provided his laboratory and his epiphany. He was then a professor at Bennington College in Vermont and the author of two books on society and industry. At GM during wartime, Drucker found "the corporation as human effort people of diverse skills and knowledges working together in a large organization," he wrote in "Concept of the Corporation," the 1946 book that emerged from his two years studying GM. It was something new in world history, different from the "command and control" methods of organizing labor that had characterized the building of the pyramids or Napoleon's army or even Henry Ford's assembly line. "The overseer of the unskilled peasants who dragged stone for the pyramids did not concern himself with morale or motivation," Drucker wrote. But modern management is different, he said. "Its task is to make people capable of joint performance, to make their strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant," he said in various ways in his 18 books on the profession of management. Drucker saw management as a central necessity of the society of organizations in which people lived in the 20th century. It was a discipline that was not confined to commercial business, but one that enabled hospitals, universities, churches, labor unions and the Girl Scouts to function. In a metaphor that he used repeatedly, Drucker likened the society of organizations to an orchestra. "Each institution has to do its own work the way each instrument in an orchestra plays only its own part. But there is also the score, the community. And only if each individual instrument contributes to the score, there is music." Peter Ferdinand Drucker was born Nov. 19, 1909, the son of a civil servant in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father, Adolph, was head of the export department in Austria's government, an important post. Coming from a society of strict class distinctions, Drucker was ever mindful of the social ladders in various countries. In the home of a senior civil servant such as his father, Drucker would remark with irony later in life, "We never had businessmen to the house." Drucker studied at universities in Hamburg and Frankfurt, Germany, receiving a PhD in international law in 1931. But he never used the title "doctor," preferring often to characterize himself as a newspaperman, which he was in the early 1930s in Frankfurt. But in 1933 an essay on a leading conservative philosopher angered the Nazi government, which banned Drucker's writing. He moved to London, where he worked for a merchant bank. In 1937, Drucker married Doris Schmitz, whom he had known in Frankfurt, and the couple moved to the United States, where he wrote for British newspapers, taught part time at Sarah Lawrence College and published his first book, "The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism." It would be one of 14 books he wrote on social, economic and political questions in addition to his books on management. Drucker in the 1940s advocated the principle of worker responsibility, which caught on in postwar Japan before U.S. business belatedly took it up. Drucker never made predictions, but for almost two decades he has called attention to the rise of what he termed "knowledge work" and "knowledge workers." He taught business management at New York University until 1971, when he came West to Claremont Graduate School, which was later named the Drucker Graduate University in his honor. Drucker was 61 when he came to Claremont. And he wrote the majority of his 32 books in the nearly three decades that followed. He had an acute sense and knowledge of history. In "Management Challenges for the 21st Century," a book he published in 1999, Drucker noted that the high tech entrepreneurs so lionized today appeared before in history, after the invention of the printing press in 1450. For 50 to 100 years, printers were showered with honors and riches, as developers of computers and software are today. But then printing came to be taken for granted, and the printers' place of honor was taken by publishers, the controllers of "content". A patient and humorous man — father of three daughters and a son, grandfather of six — Drucker had a keen eye for the ways individuals develop in society. To a magazine writer who sought guidance for an article on the role of business schools, Drucker advised: "Don't go to Harvard, but to the business school at the University of Scranton. That's where they are changing lives." Drucker was precise in teaching business managers what they were to do, from determining "the purpose of the business," as he put it, to identifying the customer of the company. "Profit," he taught generations of business leaders, "is not a reward of doing business but a cost," because it must be paid out to those who financed the business or plowed back in to allow the business to continue. A protean scholar, Drucker was also an expert on Japanese art, which he noted had perfected abstraction and geometric form fully a century before Monet and Picasso thought of them. It was the kind of insight and irony the man who "looked at people" cherished. Drucker is survived by his wife, Doris, and their four children and six grandchildren. Flanigan is a former Times columnist and Mulligan is a Times staff writer. ------------------------------------- To manage your subscription, go to //v2.listbox.com/member/?listname=ip Archives at: //www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/ Resource://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/200511/msg00182.html   โดย: Peter Drucker passes on (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 20:57:41 น.

Peter F. Drucker – A Timeline Early Years Born in Vienna, Austria, on November 19, 1909, into a highly educated professional family that is deeply involved in the cultural, political and economic affairs of the day. His kindergarten teacher taught "the concept of management." 1918 The school he attends in 4th grade, run by the beloved Miss Elsa and Miss Sophy, focuses on what people can do, which becomes an early model of the Drucker credo. 1919 Enters gymnasium and is instructed in religion by Father Pfliegler, who poses the key existential question, "What do you want to be remembered for?" This question will be an important touchstone for Drucker throughout his life. 1920s 1927 Moves from Austria to Germany to study law at Hamburg University. One course presents admiralty law as a microcosm of Western history, society, technology, legal thought, and economy and becomes the model for Drucker’s teaching of the discipline of management. Hears a performance of Verdi’s Falstaff at the Hamburg Opera and is inspired to do his life’s work in the spirit of Verdi, who said: "All my life as a musician I have striven for perfection. It has always eluded me. I surely have an obligation to make one more try." 1929 Publishes two econometric papers, one of which predicts in early fall 1929 the continued rise of the stock market; this cures him permanently of making predictions. Takes a job as a trainee securities analyst in the Frankfurt branch of a Wall Street firm and transfers to Frankfurt University. Joins Frankfurt’s largest daily newspaper, the Frankfurter General Anzeiger, as a financial writer. Promoted a year later to senior editor in charge of foreign affairs and business. His boss, Erich Dombrowski, a leading liberal editor, teaches him to evaluate his work and decide what to focus on, what to improve, and what to learn. This review becomes a key element of Drucker’s work with managers and organizations. 1930s 1931 Receives a Ph.D. in international law from Frankfurt University. 1932 Publishes essay on Friedrich Julius Stahl, a leading German conservative philosopher, that offends the Nazi government. The pamphlet is banned and burned. Drucker decides not to stay in Germany under Nazi rule and moves to London where he works for a merchant bank and continues to write and to study economics. 1937 Weds Doris Schmitz and moves to the United States as an American correspondent for a group of British newspapers. 1939 Publishes his first book, The End of Economic Man: The Origins of Totalitarianism (reissued 1995), which Winston Churchill orders be included in the book kit provided to every graduate of the British Officers’ Candidate School. Teaches part-time at Sarah Lawrence College. 1940s 1942 Joins the faculty at Bennington College, Vermont, as a professor of politics and philosophy. 1943 Publishes his second book, The Future of Industrial Man (reissued 1994), which leads to an invitation from General Motors to study their corporate and top management structure, his first of many consulting projects. 1945-46 Publishes The Concept of the Corporation (reissued 1992). This book, which originated in Drucker’s study of General Motors, introduces the concept of decentralization as a principle of organization and the concept of management by objectives to replace command and control. Also introduces the principle of worker responsibility, which General Motors rejects and which Japan makes the cornerstone of its postwar industrial strategy. 1950s 1950 Joins the faculty of the Graduate Business School of New York University as a professor of management, where he stays until 1971. Overhears Joseph Schumpeter, noted Harvard economist, say to his father, Adolph Drucker, "I know that it is not enough to be remembered for books and theories. One does not make a difference unless it is a difference in people’s lives." This idea becomes a key part of Drucker’s thinking about his own life and work. 1954 Publishes The Practice of Management and establishes management among the major social innovations of the 20th century. Among his contributions are the three classic questions: What is our business? Who is our customer? What does our customer consider value? 1960s Receives the Presidential Citation at New York University, the highest award given by the university. 1970s 1971 Leaves New York University to become the Clarke Professor of Social Sciences and Management at Claremont Graduate School in California. 1975 Begins a 20-year tenure as a monthly columnist for the editorial page of the Wall Street Journal. Begins a self-described "period of greatest productivity." 1976 Appointed to the board of the financially distressed Asian Art Museum in San Francisco. Donors respond to his vision, and the museum is turned around. Provides a similar vision for CARE at a time when that organization is reeling from financial scandal. 1979-85 Becomes a professorial lecturer in Oriental art at Pomona College in Claremont, Calif. 1980s 1987 The Peter F. Drucker Graduate Management Center at Claremont Graduate University is named in his honor. 1990s 1997 The Drucker Center becomes The Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management at Claremont Graduate University. 1998 The Drucker Archives is inaugurated at Claremont Graduate University. Drucker’s works are collected and categorized in the archives, making his ideas, ideals, and philosophy widely accessible to scholars and practitioners. 2000s 2001 The Salvation Army awards Drucker the Evangeline Booth Award, its highest civilian honor, for his tremendous influence for positive good in the nonprofit field. "There is no organization I admire more or respect more than the Salvation Army," Drucker said. "It has been my teacher and my mentor." 2002 Drucker is awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush for his service to the field of management. 2004 The name of Drucker’s friend Masatoshi Ito is added to the name of the Drucker School in recognition of Ito’s longstanding relationship and significant financial support for the school. 2005 McKinsey Award. Presented by the Harvard Business Review for the best business article published by HBR in 2005. Drucker’s "What Makes an Effective Executive" tied for first place. Prepared by the Office of Marketing & Communications at Claremont Graduate University 165 E. Tenth St., Claremont, Calif. 91711 909-621-8028 Resource://www.cgu.edu/pages/3900.asp   โดย: Peter F. Drucker – A Timeline (moonfleet ) 18 มีนาคม 2551 21:03:32 น.