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1 ดอกเบี้ยสูง high-interest rates. When rates rise, they limit liquidity. It's the amount of money available to invest. The biggest culprit was the Federal Reserve, which often raised interest rates to protect the value of the dollar. The Fed raised rates to battle stagflation, causing the 1980 recession. It did the same thing to protect the dollar/gold relationship, worsening the Great Depression.
2 ตลาดหุ้นพัง A stock market crash. The sudden loss of confidence in investing can create a subsequent bear market, draining capital out of businesses. That's just one of the ways a stock market crash can cause a recession.

3 ราคาบ้านตก ยอดขายตก (สมาชิกจากเมกาบอกกำลังเกิด ) Falling housing prices and sales. As homeowners lose equity, it forces a cutback in spending as they can no longer take out second mortgages. Over time, it will cause foreclosures. This was the initial trigger that set off the Great Recession, but for different reasons. Banks lost money on the complicated derivatives that were based on underlying home values.
4 ยอดประกาศ คำสั่งผลิตลดลง โดยเฉพาะ สินค้าคงทน A slowdown in manufacturing orders. Orders for durable goods started falling in October 2006, before the 2008 recession actually hit.
5 ยอดเงินออมลดลง ยอดเงินกู้ก็ลดลงมาก Massive swindles. The Savings and Loans Crisis caused the 1990 recession. More than 1,000 banks, with total assets of $500 billion, failed as a result of land flips, questionable loans, and illegal activities.

6 อันนี้ ไม่เคยได้ยิน Deregulation. The seeds of the S&L crisis were planted in 1982 when the Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act was passed. This removed restrictions on loan-to-value ratios for these banks.
7 ค่าจ้าง ต่ำมาก รายได้ลดลง Wage-price controls. Fortunately, this only happened once, when President Nixon kept prices too high, cutting demand. Employers laid off workers because they weren't allowed to lower wages.
8 การแย่ลงหลังสงคราม Slow down after a war. This caused both the 1953 recession, following the Korean War, and the 1945 recession, following World War II.

9 เครดิตไม่มี ขายพันธบัตรดอกจะสูงมาก เป็นจังบอนด์ Credit crunch. This occurred when Bear Stearns announced losses thanks to the collapse of two hedge funds it owned. The funds were heavily invested in collateralized debt
obligations. When Moody's downgraded its debt, banks which were in a similar over-invested condition panicked. They stopped lending to each other, creating a massive credit crunch.
10 ฟองสบู่ ในสินทรัพย์ ที่มีค่าเช่นทีดิน บริษัทใหญ่ Asset bubbles: This is when the prices of internet companies, stocks, or houses become inflated beyond their sustainable value. The bubble itself sets the stage for a recession to occur when it bursts.

11 เงินฝืด ไม่มีเงินใช้จ่าย Deflation, which encourages people to wait until prices are lower. This aggravated the Great Depression.

ตาม วิกีพีเดีย

อะไรก็ได้ที่ทำให้คนไม่มีเงินใช้ ///

economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction when there is a general slowdown in economic activity.^[1]^[2] Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP (gross domestic product), investment spending, capacity utilization, household income, business profits, and inflation fall, while bankruptcies and the unemployment rate rise. In the United Kingdom, it is defined as a negative economic growth for two consecutive quarters.^[3]^[4]

Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock). This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, an external trade shock, an adverse supply shock or the bursting of an economic bubble. Governments usually respond to recessions by adopting expansionary macroeconomic policies, such as increasing money supply, increasing government spending and decreasing taxation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession

การถดถอยใหญ่ Great Recession

การถดถอยจากประเทศหนึ่งไปยังอีกประเทศหนึ่ง

World map showing real GDP growth rates for 2009 (countries in brown were in recession.)

The Great Recession was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to countA recession is a significant decline in economic activity that goes on for more than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country's gross domestic product (GDP), although the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) does not necessarily need to see this occur to call a recession.

ถ้าตาม หลัก Investopedia

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ถดถอยเราเรียกกินเวลาอย่างน้อย6เดือนถ้าเกิดขึ้น //แต่ถ้า Depression เกิดแล้วกินเวลาหลายปี

A recession is widespread economic decline that lasts for at least six months. A depression is a more severe decline that lasts for several years.

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จนนำไปสู่ การขึ้นดอกเบี้ย มีเงินใช้น้อยลง มีหนี้มากขึ้น

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