1. After the second world war ( ww2 1939 - 1945 ) the government encouraged workers from Ireland and other parts of Europe to help with reconstruction.
3. In the 1950's UK still need workers = ในปี คศ.1950 ยูเค ยังต้องการคนทำงานเพิ่ม
A . In Wes Indies ( caribbean) set up centres to recruit bus drivers. = ใน เวสอินดิ (คาลิเบียน) มีการจัดตั้งศูนย์กลาง เพื่อเทรนการขับรถบัส ( ประจำทาง)
B . Big companies ( Engneering Textiles ) sent agents to India, Pakistan to recruit workers. = บริษัทใหญ่ๆ ส่งวิศวกรโรงงาน เป็นตัวแทนไปที่ประเทศอินเดีย และปากีสถาน เพื่อรับสมัคร คนมาทำงานโรงงาน
* For about 25 years people from the West Indies ,India, Pakistan (Bangladesh ) come to work and settle ( live) in the UK.
C . In the late 196o's and early 70s less come from the countries because new laws passed to restrict immigration to UK.
* However, immigration still come from ' Old ' Commonwealth Countries ( Canada, Australia, New Zealand ) because not have such strict legal controls.
D. However, UK still help alot of refugees during this time. = อย่างไรก็ตาม ยูเค ยังช่วยเหลือ ผู้ที่อยู่ในระหว่างลี้ภัย อีกจำนวนมาก.
* In 1972 thousands of India origin people from Uganda forced to leave and settle in UK. = ในปี คศ.1972 ชาวอินเดีย1,000 คน ถูกบังคับให้ย้ายออกไปจากประเทศ ยูกันดา และมาอาศัยอยู่ใน ยูเค. ................................................................................................ ** In late 1970's programe to help people from Vietnam since 1979 over 25,ooo people from south East Asia settle in UK. ............................................................................................... *** In the 1980's most immigrant from the United States, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. ............................................................................................... *** In the 1990's people from the Soviet Union come to settle in the UK for new and safer wey of life. ................................................................................................. *** Since 1994 there has been a global rise in mass migration for both political and economic reasons.
The channing role of women: ( การเปลี่ยนแปลง บทบาทของผู้หญิง )
>Chack that you Understand :
1. When women aged over 30 were first given the right to vote.?
2. When women were given equal voting rights with men.?
3. Some of the important developments to create rights in the workplace.? ................................................................................................ Women in Britain today : ( ผู้หญิง ในสหราชอานาจักร ในปัจจุปัน )
สรุป..
1. In 19th -century britain ( 1800 - 1899 ) people have large families and in poor family ( nearly all ) all the childen work from very young.
= ใน ศตวรรษที่ 19 สหราชอานาจักร ( ระหว่างปี คศ. 1800 - 1899 ) ประชาชนหลายครอบครัว มีครอบครัวขนาดใหญ่ และยากจน ( เกือบทุกครอบครัว ) เด็กๆ ต้องทำงานตั้งแต่อายุยังน้อย ............................................................................................... ( i ). A woman cannot divorce her husband until 1857. = ผู้หญิง เมื่อแต่งงานแล้ว ไม่สามารถหย่า ขาดจากสามีได้ จนถึงปี คศ.1857 .............................................................................................. ( ii). A woman's property ,money etcetera automatically belonged to her husband until 1882
2. In the late 19th and ealy 20th centurirs woman campaigned for the vote called ' Suffragettes' = ในปลาย ศตวรรษ ที่ 19 และต้น ศตวรรษที่ 20 ผู้หญิงมีการ รณรงค์ สนับสนุน ให้เพศของตน ได้มีสิทธิ์ออกเสียง และมีส่วนร่วมทางการเมือง ...............................................................................................
( i ). After World War 1. in 1918 women over 30 years given the vote and allowed to become M.P ( member of parliament)
= หลังจากสงครามโลก ครั้งที่ 1. ปี คศ.1918 ผู้หญิงเมื่ออายุครบ 30 ปี บริบูรณ์ จึงจะสามารถใช้สิทธิ์ ในการเลือกตั้งได้ และลงสมัคร เล่นการเมืองได้ .............................................................................................. ( ii ). Woman get equal voting right with man in 1928 in 1928 moman can vote aged 21 the same as man. = ผู้หญิงมีความเสมอภาค เท่ากับผู้ชาย ในปี คศ.1928 และในปีเดียวกันนี้ ( คศ.1928 ) ผู้หญิง สามารถเลือกตั้งได้เมื่อมีอายุครบ 21 ปี บริบูรณ์ เหมือนกับผู้ชาย
( iii ). Thugh woman could now vote there were still discriminated against at work. ............................................................................................. ( iv ). In the 1960's - 1970's new laws give woman the rights to equal pay as men and prohibited discriminating against woman.
1. Today woman in britain make up 51% of the population and 45% of the workforce.
= สหราชอาณาจักร ในปัจจุบัน มีประชากรที่เป็นผู้หญิง 51% ของจำนวน ประชากรทั้งหมด แต่มีผู้หญิง เพียง 45% ที่ถูกว่าจ้างให้ทำงาน จากจำนวน ของคนที่ถูกว่าจ้างให้ทำงานทั้งหมด ................................................................................................. 2. Today ,on average , girls have better qualifications then boys and more women then men at university.
3. Today women work in a wider range of different jobs ( not only nursing, teaching, etc.) and a moust three- quarters of women with school age children ( 5 - 16 years) are in paid work.
3. Despite progress women still do most work in the home ,such as raising children.
4. Despite the laws against discrimination againt women at work they still earn 20% per hour less then men.
................................................................................................ 5. Also , most women leaving university still earn less than men.
1. The proportion of all young people who go on higher education.?
2. Lifestyle patterns of children and young people ( e.g. pocket money, leaving home on reaching adulthood ).?
3. Changing family patterns and attitudes to changing family patterns ( e.g. divorce ).?
4. That education in Britain is free and compulsory, and that there is compulsory testing ( in England and Scotland ) at ages 7, 11 and 14; there are also GSCE and/ or vocational exams at 16; and Advanced level exams ( A and AS ) at ages 17 and 18. ?
5. That there is a government target that half of all young people attend higher education.?
6. That there are strict laws regarding the employment of children.?
7. That there are important health concerns and laws relating to children and young people and smoking, alcohol and drugs.?
8. That young people are eligible to vote in elections from age 18.? ................................................................................................ สรุป.
** In the UK, there are almost 15 million children and young people under 19 years old. Amost one-quarter of the UK population.
................................................................................................. ** Over the last 20 years , family patterns in Britain have been transformed because of divorce and separation. .................................................................................................
( i ). Today , 65% of children live with both birth parents. =( อยู่กับ พ่อ, แม่ ตั้งแต่เกิด )
( ii ). Almost 25% live in lone-parent families. =( อยู่กับ พ่อ หรือแม่ ฝ่ายใดฝ่ายหนึ่ง ซึ่งอาจะเป็นการหย่าร้าง หรือ การเสียชีวิต ของพ่อ หรือแม่ )
( iii ). 10% live within a stepfamily. =( อยู่กับครอบครัว ที่ พ่อ หรือ แม่ แต่งงานมีครอบครัวใหม่ )
1.. Most children in Britain get weekly pocket money from their parents, and extra money for doing jobs around the house.
2.. Children in the UK do not play outside as much as before. This is because of more home entertainment ( such as T.V. , videos , computers ) . Also , more fear of child molestation by strangers.
3.. Yong people have different identities, interests and fashions to older people. Many young people move away from the family home when they become adults but this varies from one community to another. .................................................................................................
Education การให้การศึกษา
สรุป.
1. The law states that children between 5 and 16 moust attend school.
= กฎหมายบังคับ ให้เด็กที่มีอายุระหว่าง 5 -16 ปี ต้องเข้าเรียนหนังสือในโรงเรียน ................................................................................................. 2. Pupilis in England and Scottland take national tests in English, mathematics and science at the ages of 7 , 11 and 14 .
3. In Wales , teachers assess progress when children are 7 and 11 and they take a test at 14 years old.
= ที่เวลย์ ครูจะประเมิณ ความคืบหน้า ของเด็ก เมื่อมีอายุ 7 , 11 ปี และพวกเขาจะทำการสอบ เมื่ออายุ 14 ปี ................................................................................................. 4. The test give important information about the childern's progress . What they do well in , and where they need extra help.
................................................................................................ 5. Most young people take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) at 16 years of age.
= ส่วนใหญ่เด็กจะเรียนจบการศึกษา และรับใบประกาศณียบัตร (GCSE) เมื่ออายุ 16 ปี ............................................................................................... 6. In Scotland , children take the Scottish Qualifications Authority ( SQA) Standard grade examinations at 16 years of age.
............................................................................................... ** At 17 and 18 years 0f age :
( i ). Many people take vocational qualifications.
( ii ). Many students take the General Certificate of Education at an Advanced level (AGCEs) unit and or A/S level.
( iii ). In scotland , many pupils take Higher / Advanced Higher Grades.
................................................................................................ ** Schools and colleges will expect good GCSE or SQA qualifications before allowing a student to enrol on an AGCE or Scottish Higher / Advanced Higher course.
................................................................................................ ( i ). AS levels are Advanced Subsidiary qualifications gained by completing three As units . Three AS units equal one-half of AGCE .
( ii ). In the second part of the course , three more AS units can be studied to complete the AGCE qualification.
( iii ). many people refer ( call ) AGCEs by the old name of A levels . AGCEs are the traditional route to higher education courses, but many higher education students enter with different types of qualifications .
................................................................................................. Important
** 1. One in three young people now go on to higher education at college or university about 33% .
** 2. Some young people defer their university entrance for a year and take a ' gap year ' - this year out of education often includes voluntary work and travle overseas.
- Some young people work to earn and save money to pay for their university fees and living expenses .
** 3. People over 16 years of age may also choose to study at colleges of Further Education or Adult Education Centres . There is a wide range of academic and vocational courses available as well as courses which develop leisure interests and skills . ................................................................................................
Work สรุป.
( i ). It is common for young people to have a pait-time job while they are still at school.
( ii ). It is thought that 2 million children are at work at any one time .
( iii ). The most common job are newspaper delivery and work in supermarkets and newsagents .
( iv ). Many parents believe that part-time work helps their children to become more independent as well as providing extra cash .
................................................................................................ 1. There are laws abouth the age when children can take up paid work ( usually not before 14 ) , the type of work they can do , the number of hours they can work .
................................................................................................ 2. It is very important to note that there are concerns for sefety of children who work illegally or who are not properly supervised .
................................................................................................. 3. The employment of children is strictly controlled by law .
................................................................................................ Health hazards สรุป.
** Many parents worry that their children may misuse drugs addivtive substances . .................................................................................................
Smoking
( i ). Although cigarette smoking is slowly falling in the adult population , more young people are smoking .
( ii ). More school-age girls smoke then boys.
( iii ). Since 1 October 2007 it is illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under 18 years old .
( iv ). Smoking is not allowed in public buildings and work places through-out the UK .
( i ). Young people under the age of 18 are not allowed to buy alcohol in Britain .
( ii ). There is concern about the age some young people start drinking alcohol in the UK .
( iii ). There is concern about the amountof of alcohol they drink at one time , known as 'binge drinking' .
( iv ). It is illegal to be drunk in public and there are penalties to help control this problem , including on-the-spot fines . ................................................................................................
Illegal drugs
( i ). AS in most countries , it is illegal to possess drugs such as heroin , ecstasy , amphetamines , and canabis .
( ii ). Current statistics show that half of all young people have used illegaldrugs at one time or another .
( iii ). Current statistics show that about one third of the whole population have used illegal drugs at one time or another .
( i ). There is strong link between the use of hard drugs ( e.g crack cocaine and heroin ) and crime .
( ii ). Also a link between hard drugs and mental illness .
( iii ). The misuse of drugs has huge social and economic cost to the country . This is a serious issue and British society needs to deal with this problem .
Young people's political and social attitudes สรุป
Important
( i ). Young people in Britain can vote in elections from the age of 18 .
( ii ). In the 2001 general election only 1 in 5 ( 20% ) of young first-time voters used their vote. Some people think young people are not intersted in the political process .
** Although most young people are not intersted in party politics many are intersted in specific political issues such as the environment or cruelty to animals .
( i ). In 2003 a survey of young people in England and Wales showed that they believe the five most important issues in Britain were 1.crime 2.drugs 3.war/terrorism 4.racism 5.health.
( ii ). The same survey found 86% of young people had taken part in some community event over the part year , and 50% had taken part in fund-raising and collecting money for charity .
( iii ). Similar results found in surveys in Scotland and Northern Ireland .
( iv ). Mamy children first get involved in these activities while at school where they study Citizenship as part of the National Curriculum .
สวัสดีค่ะ คุณดอกหญ้าฯ แปลภาษาอังกฤษได้เก่งจังเลยค่ะ คิดว่าหากคุณสอบคุณต้องผ่านแน่ๆ 100 % ส่วนเราสอบผ่านแล้วค่ะ เมื่อปลายเดือนมกราคมที่ผ่านมา เลยอย่าแนะนำหนังสือบทสรุปหนะค่ะ ไม่ต้องอ่านเล่มใหญ่ทั้งเล่ม เป็นการประหยัดเวลาหากคุณมีเวลาไม่มาก นี่ค่ะเป็นหนังสือเล่มนี้ LIfe in the UK test Study Guide update for 2007 ปกสีน้ำเงินแซมเขียวค่ะ ขนาดพกเก็ตบุ๊คค่ะ ในนั้นจะมีขั้นตอนการสอบตลอดถึงการขอพาสปอร์ตค่ะ ยังไงขอให้สอบผ่านฉลุยนะค่ะ ผ่านอยู่แล้วเก่งภาษาอังกฤษออกอย่างนั้น จริงๆนะค่ะ
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