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Shanghai Maglev
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ñ.ñ ÃкººØÅàŵà·Ã¹ ËÃ×Í ªÔ¹¡Ñ¹à«¹ (Bullet Train System or Shinkansen) ÅéÍàËÅç¡ ÇÔ觺¹ÃÒ§àËÅç¡ ¼ÅÔµâ´ÂºÃÔÉÑ·ÎÔµÒ«Ô (Hitachi) ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÕè»Øè¹ à»ç¹à·¤â¹âÅÂÕ·Õè¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ìáÅéÇ (Proven Technology) µÑé§áµè ¤.È.ñùøù ÇÔè§ä´éàÃçǶ֧ óòö ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ áµè¨Ó¡Ñ´¡ÒÃÇÔ觵ÒÁÊÀÒ¾¢Í§ÃÒ§·Ò§ÇÔè§ÍÂÙèà¾Õ§ òøð ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ ¨Ò¡¹¤Ãâµà¡ÕÂÇä»âÍ«Ò¡éÒ áÅÐáËè§Í×è¹ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÕè»Øè¹ Ã¶ä¿Ãкºà´ÕÂǡѹ¹Õé¡ÓÅѧÍÂÙèã¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§¡ÒáèÍÊÃéҧ㹻ÃÐà·ÈäµéËÇѹ â´ÂÁÕàÊé¹·Ò§¨Ò¡¡Ãاä·à» (Taipei) ä»ÂѧàÁ×ͧà¡Ò«Ø§ (Kaohsiung) ÃÐÂзҧ óôõ ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ö俿éÒÃкº¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÊÙ§¹ÕéàÁ×èÍáÅéÇàÊÃç¨ ¨ÐÂè¹ÃÐÂÐàÇÅҢͧ¡ÒÃà´Ô¹·Ò§Å§¨Ò¡à´ÔÁ ô ªÑèÇâÁ§ àËÅ×Í ñ ªÑèÇâÁ§ óð ¹Ò·Õ ¡ÅØèÁºÃÔÉÑ·Õè»Øè¹·ÕèÃèÇÁ´Óà¹Ô¹§Ò¹â¤Ã§¡ÒùÕéä´éá¡è ÁÔµ«Ø (Mitsui) ÁÔµ«ÙºÔªÔàοÇÕÍÔ¹´ÑʵÃÕ (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries) ÁÔµ«ÙºÔªÔ (Mitsubishi) ÁÒÃÙູ¹Õ (Marubeni) ÊØÁÔâµâÁ (Sumitomo) ¤ÒÇÒ«Ò¡ÔàοÇÕÍÔ¹´ÑʵÃÕ (Kawasaki Heavy Industries) áÅР⵪ԺÒÍÔàŤ·ÃÔ¡ (Toshiba Electric) ÃÇÁµÑǡѹ»ÃÐÁÙÅãËéÃÒ¤ÒµèÓÊØ´·Õè ó,ððò ÅéÒ¹àËÃÕÂÊËÃÑ° (ñòð,ðøð ÅéÒ¹ºÒ·) ÍØ»¡Ã³ì¾×é¹°Ò¹ ä´éá¡è µÑÇö ÍØ»¡Ã³ì¤Çº¤ØÁÍҳѵÔÊÑÒ³ Ãкºä¿¿éÒ Ãкº¡ÒÃÊ×èÍÊÒà à»ç¹µé¹ àÍÒª¹Ð¡ÅØèÁ«ÕàÁ¹Êì (Siemens) áÅÐ ÍÑÅʵÍÁ (Alstom) «Öè§àʹÍöÅÙ¡¼ÊÁ (Hybrid Trains) ¢Í§ÃкºäÍ«ì (ICE) ¢Í§àÂÍÃÁ¹Õ áÅзըÕÇÕ (TGV) ¢Í§½ÃÑè§àÈÊ ÃкºÃ¶ä¿¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÊÙ§¢Í§äµéËÇѹ¹Õé ¡Ó˹´àÊÃç¨à»Ô´ÇÔè§ã¹à´×͹µØÅÒ¤Á òõô÷
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ñ.ó ྐྵâ´ÅÔâ¹ ÍÕ·ÕÍÒÃì-ôõð (Pendolino's ETR-450) ÊÃéÒ§â´ÂºÃÔÉÑ·à¿Õ´ à¿ÍÃìâÃàÇÕÂàÃÕ (Fiat Ferroviaria) ÇÔè§ÃÐËÇèÒ§¡ÃاâÃÁ (Rome)-¿ÅÍàù«ì ä´àÃ硵ÔÊä«ÁÒ (Florence Directtisima) ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÍÔµÒÅÕ ÊÒÁÒöÇÔè§ä´éàÃçÇ óðð ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ áµè¶Ù¡¨Ó¡Ñ´·Õè òõð ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ ¼ÅÔµ¤ÃÑé§ááàÁ×èÍ ¾.È.òõóõ ÁÕµÑǶѧö·ÕèàÍÕ§ä´é (Tilting Body) ¢Ñºà¤Å×è͹´éÇÂä¿¿éÒ òõ à¤ÇÕ õð áÎÔõ«ì
ñ.ô ÍÒ«Õ ºÃÒǹìâºÇÒÃÕ àÍç¡«ì-òððð (Asea Brown Bovari’s X -2000) ¹ÔÂÁàÃÕ¡¡Ñ¹ÇèÒ àÍºÕºÕ Ê»ÃÔ¹àµÍÃì (ABB Sprinter) ÇÔè§ÃÐËÇèÒ§ ¡ÃاʵêͤâÎÅìÁ (Stockholm) ¡ÑºàÁ×ͧ¡Ù൹àºÔÃì¡ (Gutenburg) àÁ×èÍ ¾.È.òõóó ÊÒÁÒöÇÔè§ä´éàÃçÇ ò÷õ ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ ÁÕö·ÕèàÍÕ§ä´é
ñ.õ àù«ì ·ÑÅâ¡ (ྐྵ´ÙÅÒÃì) (Rense Talgo-Pendular) à»ç¹Ãкº¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈÊ໹ (Spain) ÁÕµÑÇö·ÕèàÍÕ§ä´é
ñ.ö ·Õ¨ÕÇÕ (Train a Grande-Vitesse) ÊÃéÒ§â´Â ºÃÔÉÑ·ÂÕÍÕ«Õ-ÍÑÅʵÍÁ (GEG-Alstom) à»ç¹à·¤â¹âÅÂÕ·Õè¾ÔÊÙ¨¹ìáÅéÇ (Proven Technology) àÃÔèÁÇÔ觨ҡ¹¤Ã»ÒÃÕÊ ä»àÁ×ͧÅÕÍͧ (Lyon) ¢Í§½ÃÑè§àÈÊ àÁ×èÍ ¾.È.òõòô áÅеèÍÁÒ ä´é¢ÂÒÂä»·ÑèÇ»ÃÐà·È ÃÇÁ·Ñé§ÅÍ´·èÍãµé·ÐàÅä»Âѧ»ÃÐà·ÈÍѧ¡ÄÉ ¢Ñºà¤Å×è͹â´ÂÃкºä¿¿éÒ òõ à¤ÇÕ õð àÎÔõ«ì ËÃ×Í ñ.õ à¤ÇÕ´Õ«Õ ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ»¡µÔ óðð ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ ¨Ò¡¡Òúѹ·Ö¡Ê¶ÔµÔã¹ ¾.È.òõóó ÊÒÁÒöÇÔè§ä´éàÃçÇ õñõ ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ ÁÕÇÔè§ã¹ÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò â´ÂºÃÔÉÑ·ÍÑÁá·Ã¤ (Amtrak) ã¹ÃÙ»¢Í§ÍÒà«ÅÒ (Acela) »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹·Õ¨ÕÇÕ¢ÂÒµÅÒ´¢Í§¼Ùéãªéä»ËÅÒ»ÃÐà·Èã¹ÂØâû ÅèÒÊØ´à»ç¹áË觷Õè ø ¢Í§âÅ¡¢Í§ÃкºÃ¶ä¿¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÊÙ§ »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ÍÂÙèã¹ÃÐËÇèÒ§¡èÍÊÃéÒ§·ÕèÊÒ¸ÒóÃÑ°à¡ÒËÅÕ â´ÂÁÕàÊé¹·Ò§·Õè¨ÐãËéºÃÔ¡ÒÃÃÐËÇèÒ§¡Ãاâ«Å (Seoul) áÅÐàÁ×ͧ»Ù«Ò¹ (Pusan) ÁÕ¡Ó˹´à»Ô´ÇÔè§ã¹Çѹ·Õè ñ àÁÉÒ¹ òõô÷ ¹Õé ÁÕª×èÍÇèÒ à¤·ÕàÍç¡«ì (KTX-Korean Train Express) ãªéàÇÅÒà´Ô¹·Ò§ ò ªÑèÇâÁ§ ôð ¹Ò·Õ ¨ÐàÃçÇ¢Ö鹡ÇèÒ¡ÒÃà´Ô¹·Ò§ã¹»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹«Öè§ãªéàÇÅÒà¡×ͺ õ ªÑèÇâÁ§ §Ò¹¡èÍÊÃéÒ§àÃÔèÁµÑé§áµè »Õ ¾.È.òõóõ â´ÂºÃÔÉÑ·ÍÑÅʵÍÁ ·ÃҹʻÍÃìµ (Alstom Transport) «Ö觪¹Ð¡ÒûÃÐÁÙÅ㹡ÒÃÍ͡Ẻ ¼ÅÔµ ¨Ñ´ËÒ µÔ´µÑé§ µÑÇö Ãкº¨èÒÂä¿¿éҢѺà¤Å×è͹ (Catenary) ÃкºÍҳѵÔÊÑÒ³ (Train Control and Signaling) ¡Òý֡Ê͹ (Training) ¶èÒ·ʹ¤ÇÒÁÃÙé (Technology Transfer) µèÒ§æ ÃÇÁ·Ñ駡ÒõÑé§âç¼ÅԵö»ÃÐÁÒ³ óô ¢ºÇ¹¢Í§Ã¶¨Ð¼ÅÔµáÅлÃСͺ㹻ÃÐà·Èà¡ÒËÅÕ â´Â¼èÒ§â¤Ã§¡ÒöèÒ·ʹ¤ÇÒÁÃÙéáÅÐÇÔªÒ¡ÒõèÒ§æ¨Ò¡ºÃÔÉÑ·¼Ùé¼ÅÔµ·Õè»ÃÐà·È½ÃÑè§àÈÊ
ò. ÃкºáÁèàËÅç¡ä¿¿éÒ ª¹Ô´äÁèÁÕÅéÍáÅÐäÁèÁÕÃÒ§ (Magnetic Levitation) ËÃ×ÍáÁ¡àÅ¿ (Maglev) à»ç¹à·¤â¹âÅÂÕãËÁèÅèÒÊØ´¢Í§âÅ¡ ÁÕãªéÇÔè§áÅéÇã¹»ÃÐà·È¨Õ¹ áÅзÕèÍÂÙèã¹ÃÐÂСÒþѲ¹ÒµèÍà¹×èͧ㹻ÃÐà·ÈàÂÍÃÁ¹Õ áÅÐÍÂÙèã¹ÃÐÂСÒ÷´Êͺ㹻ÃÐà·ÈÕè»Øè¹ á¡ä´éà»ç¹ ò Ãкº
ò.ñ ÃкºÍÕàÍçÁàÍÊ (EMS-Electromagnetic Suspension System) µé¹¡Óà¹Ô´¾Ñ²¹Òâ´ÂºÃÔÉÑ·«ÕàÁ¹Êì àÍ¨Õ (Siemens AG) áÅÐ ä·à«¹¡ÃØê» àÍ¨Õ (Thyssenkrupp AG) ¹ÓÁÒÊÃéÒ§·Õ蹤Ãà«Õè§äÎé â´ÂºÃÔÉÑ··ÃÒ¹Êìáû»Ô´ ÍÔ¹àµÍÃì๪Ñè¹á¹Å (Transrapid International) ¢Í§àÂÍÃÁ¹Õ ÃèÇÁ¡ÑººÃÔÉÑ·à«Õè§äÎéáÁ¡àÅ¿·ÃҹʻÍÃì൪Ñè¹à´àÇÅ;àÁ¹·ì (Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development) ¢Í§¨Õ¹ â´ÂÇÔ觨ҡʶҹÕö俿éÒã¹àÁ×ͧ·Õ趹¹ÅͧÂÒ§ (Long Yang) ä»Ê¹ÒÁºÔ¹»Ù´Í§ (Pudong) à»ç¹ÃÐÂзҧ óð ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ã¹àÇÅÒ ø ¹Ò·Õ ´éÇÂÍѵÃÒ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇ ôóð ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ ¡Ó˹´ÇÔè§àµçÁ·Õè ·Ø¡ ñð ¹Ò·Õ â´Âãªéö ó ¢ºÇ¹ ¢ºÇ¹ÅÐ õ µÙé ÊÒÁÒöÇÔè§ä´éàÃçÇ¡ÇèÒ õðð ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ àÃÔèÁà»Ô´ãËéºÃÔ¡ÒÃáÅéÇàÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè òù ¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á òõôö ¶×Íà»ç¹¤ÇÒÁÊÓàÃç¨ã¹¡ÒùÓà·¤â¹âÅÂÕãËÁ誹Դ¹ÕéÁÒ»ÃÐÂØ¡µìãªé·Ò§¡ÒþҳԪÂìà»ç¹¤ÃÑé§áá¢Í§âÅ¡
ò.ò ÃкºÍÕ´ÕàÍÊ (EDS-Electrodynamic Suspension System) »Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹ÍÂÙèã¹ÃÐÂСÒ÷´ÊͺáÅоѲ¹ÒÃØè¹ àÍçÁáÍÅÂÙ ððò àÍçÁ (MLU 002N) ·Õè ÂÒÁÒ¹ÒªÔ à·Ê·ìá·Ã¤ »ÃÐà·ÈÕè»Øè¹ µèÒ§¡ÑºÃкºÍÕàÍçÁàÍÊ (EMS) ¢Í§àÂÍÃÁѹ ·Õèãªé«Ùà»ÍÃì¤Í¹´Ñ¤µÔ§áÁ¡à¹·Êì (Superconducting Magnets) ·Õèã¹µÑÇö áÅÐãªéáç´Ñ¹ (Repulsive Force) ÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ·Õè¨Ðà»ç¹áç´Ö§ (Attracitve Force) àËÁ×͹Ãкº¢Í§àÂÍÃÁ¹Õ ÃкºÍÕ´ÕàÍÊ (EDS) ¢Í§Õè»Øè¹¹ÕéÊÒÁÒöÇÔè§ä´éàÃçǶ֧ õøñ ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµèͪÑèÇâÁ§ ¨Ò¡¡Ò÷´ÊͺÅèÒÊØ´àÁ×èÍÇѹ·Õè ò ¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á òõôö
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ñ. ÃкºÅéÍáÅÐÃÒ§ÁÕÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅéÇ áÅÐÊèǹãËèà»ç¹ÃÒ§¡ÇéÒ§¢¹Ò´Áҵðҹ (Standard Gauge) ñ,ôóõ àÁµÃ (ô ¿Øµ ø ñ/ò ¹ÔéÇ) ¶éÒÃÒ§¡ÇéÒ§¨Ð·ÓãËé¡Ò֍µÑÇ´Õ â´Â੾ÒÐàÁ×èÍÇÔ觺¹ÃÒ§¢Í§·Ò§â¤é§
ò. öºÒ§ª¹Ô´ÁÕ µÑǶѧö·ÕèàÍÕ§ä´é (Tilting Body) àÁ×èÍÇÔ觷ҧâ¤é§ à¾ÅÒáÅÐÅéͧ͢ö¨ÐàÍÕ§à¾ÃÒÐÃÒ§ÇÔ觷Ñé§ÊͧÃÒ§¨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÙ§·ÕèµèÒ§ÃдѺ¡Ñ¹ áµèµÑǶѧ¢Í§Ã¶¨ÐäÁèàÍÕ§µÒÁà¾ÅҢͧÅéÍ ·ÓãËé¹Ñè§ÊºÒÂáÅÐÇÔè§ä´éàÃçÇ¢Öé¹ ·ÓãËé»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡¨Ø´ÈÙ¹Âì¶èǧ¢Í§Ã¶ (Center of Gravity) ¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒûÃѺà»ÅÕè¹äÁèÁÒ¡ öµÑǶѧàÍÕ§ä´é¹ÕéÁÕÇÔè§ã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÊÇÕà´¹ (X-2000, ABB Sprintor) »ÃÐà·ÈÍÔµÒÅÕ (ETR-450, Pendolino) áÅлÃÐà·ÈÊ໹ (Taigo Pendular)
ó. ¡ÒÃãªéÅéÍàËÅç¡ áÅÐÃÒ§àËÅç¡ ÁÕàÊÕ§à¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃàÊÕ´ÊÕÃÐËÇèÒ§Åé͡ѺÃÒ§ áÅÐÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÑè¹ÊÐà·×͹Ãͺ¢éÒ§¶éÒãªéäÁéËÁ͹ (Ties/Sleepers)
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