ªÒÃìÅÊ áººàº¨ (Charles Babbage) à¡Ô´»Õ ¤.È. 1791 (¾.È. 2334) ·ÕèÍѧ¡ÄÉ ã¹¤Ãͺ¤ÃÑǢͧ¹Ò¸¹Ò¤Òà ẺຨàµÔºâµÁÒã¹Âؤ·ÕèÍѧ¡ÄÉà»ç¹ÁËÒÍÓ¹Ò¨ áÅСÓÅѧÍÂÙè㹪èǧ¡Òû¯ÔÇѵÔÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁ â´ÂÃÑ°ºÒÅʹѺʹعãËé·Ø¹¡ÒþѲ¹Òã¹ÊÒ¢ÒµèÒ§ æ ÍÂèÒ§àµçÁ·Õè. ẺຨÈÖ¡ÉÒÃдѺÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑ·Õè ·ÃÔ¹ÔµÕé ¤ÍÅàŨ ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂà¤ÁºÃÔ´¨ì ·Õ褳Ф³ÔµÈÒʵÃì (Mathematical Laboratory). ªèǧà»ç¹¹Ñ¡ÈÖ¡ÉÒ à¢ÒÃÇÁ¡ÅØèÁ¡Ñºà¾×è͹ ·Ó induction of the Leibnitz notation for the Calculus ¢Ö鹨¹ÁÕª×èÍàÊÕ§ ·ÓãËéÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅѵéͧà»ÅÕè¹ËÅÑ¡ÊٵáÒÃàÃÕ¹¡ÒÃÊ͹. ¾ÍàÃÕ¹¨º Ẻຨ¡çµÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨à»ç¹ÍÒ¨ÒÃÂìµèÍ·Õ褳Ð. ã¹»Õ ¤.È. 1814, ẺຨÊÁÃʡѺ Geogiana Whitmore ¹Ñ¡¤³ÔµÈÒʵÃìËÔ§¤¹à¡è§¤¹Ë¹Öè§ã¹Âؤ¹Ñé¹. ã¹·Ò§¤³ÔµÈÒʵÃì Ẻຨà¹é¹ÈÖ¡ÉÒ´éÒ¹á¤Å¤ÙÅÑÊà»ç¹¾ÔàÈÉ. »Õ ¤.È. 1816 ä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃáµè§µÑé§ãËéà»ç¹ Fellow ¢Í§ Royal Society. »Õ ¤.È. 1820 à¢ÒµÑ駪ÁÃÁ´éÒ¹´ÒÃÒÈÒʵÃì¢Öé¹ ¾ÃéÍÁ æ ¡ÑºàÃÔèÁ·Ó§Ò¹ÇÔ¨ÑÂÊӤѢͧà¢Òã¹Âؤµé¹ ·Õè·ÓãËéà¢Òâ´è§´Ñ§ÁÒ¡¤×Í Difference Engine (ãªé Newton's method of successive differences). ã¹»Õ ¤.È. 1828 Ẻຨä´éÃѺáµè§µÑé§ãËéà»ç¹ the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge (àËÁ×͹¡Ñº à«ÍÃì äÍá«¡ ¹Ôǵѹ áÅРʵÕà¿è¹ ÎÍÇì¤Ô§) µèÍÁÒ áººàº¨¢ÂÒ§ҹÁÒÈÖ¡ÉÒà¤Ã×èͧÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì (Analytical Engine) à¾×èÍÊÃéÒ§à»ç¹ à¤Ã×èͧ¨Ñ¡Ã·ÕèÊÒÁÒöÃͧÃѺ¡Òäӹdz·Ø¡ª¹Ô´ («Öè§ä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃÂÍÁÃѺÇèÒà»ç¹µé¹áºº¢Í§à¤Ã×èͧ¤ÍÁ¾ÔÇàµÍÃì) áµè¡çà»ç¹à¾Õ§·ÄÉ®Õà·èÒ¹Ñé¹ à¾ÃÒÐà¢ÒäÁèÊÒÁÒöÊÃéÒ§ÍÍ¡ÁÒ㹪èǧ·Õèà¢ÒÁÕªÕÇÔµÍÂÙè à¹×èͧ¨Ò¡ÁÕ¤¹äÁèàËç¹´éÇÂÁÒ¡ÁÒ à¾ÃÒФÇÒÁ¤Ô´¢Í§à¢Ò·Ñ¹ÊÁÑÂà¡Ô¹¡ÇèÒà·¤â¹âÅÂÕã¹Âؤ¹Ñé¹ ¨¹·Ø¡ æ ¤¹¤Ô´ÇèÒÁѹà»ç¹ä»äÁèä´é ¨Ö§â´¹µÑ´§ºÇÔ¨ÑÂã¹»Õ ¤.È. 1832. áµèẺຨ¡ç½×¹·ÓµèÍẺäÁèÁÕ§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ ¨¹·ÓäÁèäËÇ ¨¹µéͧ»Ô´â¤Ã§¡ÒùÕéä» ã¹»Õ ¤.È. 1842. ¾Í»Õ ¤.È. 1856, Ẻຨ¡çàÃÔèÁÁհҹТÖé¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡§Ò¹Í×è¹æ à¾ÃÒй͡¨Ò¡à»ç¹¹Ñ¡¤³ÔµÈÒʵÃìáÅéÇ à¤éÒ¡çÂѧà»ç¹¼ÙéàªÕèÂǪҴéÒ¹´¹µÃÕ ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ áÅÐàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ ÍÕ¡´éÇ (à»ç¹ a Celebrated Policial Economist áËè§Âؤ) à¢Ò¨Ö§àÍÒà§Ô¹·Ø¹ÁÒŧ·Ø¹·ÓÇԨѴéÒ¹à¤Ã×èͧÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËìµèÍ áµè¡çµéͧ·ÓáÅÐá¡éËÅÒ¤ÃÑé§ ¨¹à¢ÒàÊÕªÕÇÔµä»ã¹»Õ ¤.È. 1871 (áÅéÇÅÙ¡ªÒÂà¢ÒÁÒÊÒ¹µèÍ). ªèǧ¡è͹µÒ à¢Òà¢Õ¹˹ѧÊ×ͪ×èʹѧ (´Ñ§ÂؤËÅѧ) ª×èÍ Passages from the life of a Philosopher à¾ÃÒÐã¹»Õ·Õèà¢ÒàÊÕªÕÇÔµ âÅ¡ÂѧäÁè¤èÍÂÃÙé¨Ñ¡à¢Ò. à¤Ã×èͧÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì¢Í§à¢ÒäÁèÁÕ¤¹Ê¹ã¨Å§Á×ÍÊÃéÒ§à»ç¹ªÔé¹à»ç¹Íѹ ¨¹¡ÃзÑè§ÍÕ¡»ÃÐÁÒ³ 40 »ÕµèÍÁÒ ËÅѧ¨Ò¡à¢ÒµÒ ÁÕ¤¹àÍÒ§Ò¹à¢Òä»à¼Âá¾Ã訹à»ç¹·Õèª×蹪Á áÅéǤ¹ÂؤËÅѧ¡ç¹ÓÊÁͧ¢Í§à¢Ò (·Õè´Í§àÍÒäÇéã¹áÍÅ¡ÍÎÍÅì) ÁÒ¼èÒà¾×èÍÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒäԴ¢Í§à¢Ò (¶Ù¡¹ÔÂÒÁäÇéÇèÒà»ç¹ one of the most profound thinker of the century). µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ·ÕèÁÕªÕÇÔµÍÂÙè Ẻຨàª×èÍÇèÒ âÅ¡àÃÒ¹ÕéÊÒÁÒöÇÔà¤ÃÒÐËì·Ó¹ÒÂä´é (a world where all things were dutifully quantified and could be predicted) â´Âä´éÃѺ¤ÇÒÁʹѺʹع¨Ò¡ Laplace «Öè§à»ç¹à¾×è͹ʹԷã¹Ç§¡ÒÃÇèÒ ¶éÒ¨Ôµã¨Á¹ØÉÂìÊÒÁÒöà¢éÒ㨾ĵԡÃÃÁ¢Í§Í¹ØÀÒ¤àÅç¡æ Áѹ¨Ð͸ԺÒ·ءÍÂèÒ§ä´é (if a mind could know everything about particle behavior, if could describe everything: nothing would be uncertain, and the future, as the past, could be present to our eyes). »Õ ¤.È. 1856, Ẻຨàʹͧҹ "Table of Constants of the Nature and Art" ·ÕèÍéÒ§ÇèÒ ÃǺÃÇÁ¢éÍà·ç¨¨ÃÔ§·Ø¡ÍÂèÒ§ ÊÓËÃѺ͸ԺÒÂÈÒʵÃì·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂìáÅÐÈÔÅ»ì ´éǵÑÇàÅ¢ à¡Ãç´àÅç¡à¡Ãç´¹éÍ ẺຨªÍºä¿ÁÒ¡ ¢¹Ò´ÅͧàÍÒàµÒͺÁÒͺµÑÇàͧàÅè¹·Õè 265 ͧÈÒ¿Òàùäεìà»ç¹àÇÅÒ 5-6 ¹Ò·Õ ËÃ×;ÂÒÂÒÁ»Õ¹ÀÙà¢Òä¿àÇ«ÙàÇÕÂÊ à¾×èÍ·Õè¨Ðä»´ÙÅÒÇÒà´×Í´
thank you the great source of information //th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ªÒÃìÅÊ_Ẻຨ
ªÒÃìÅÊ áººàº¨ (Charles Babbage)
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