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The Girl with Seven Names: ËÔ§ã¨à´ç´ 7 ª×èÍ
 My name is Hyeonseo Lee. It is not the name I was born with,... it is the one I gave myself, once I’d reached freedom.
ÎÂ͹⫠ÅÕ ËÔ§á¡Ã觪ÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Í à¸Í¶×Í¡Óà¹Ô´ã¹àÁ×ͧ Hyesan µÍ¹ÇÑÂÃØè¹à¸ÍËź˹բéÒÁáÁè¹éÓ·Õè¡Ñé¹¾ÃÁá´¹à¢éÒÊÙè»ÃÐà·È¨Õ¹ à¾Õ§à¾ÃÒФÇÒÁÍÂÒ¡ÃÙéÍÂÒ¡àËç¹ áµè¹Ñè¹·ÓãËéà¸ÍäÁèÊÒÁÒö¡ÅѺ»ÃÐà·È¢Í§µ¹àͧä´éÍÕ¡ à¸Íµéͧ¾ÂÒÂÒÁÍÂèҧ˹ѡà¾×èÍàÍÒµÑÇÃÍ´ã¹»ÃÐà·È¨Õ¹ ãªéàÇÅÒ ó »Õ àÃÕ¹ÀÒÉÒ¨Õ¹ÍÂèÒ§ÊØ´ªÕÇÔµ ´Ôé¹Ã¹ËÒ§Ò¹·Ó ¤ÍÂËź˹յÓÃǨ·ÕèÍÒ¨¨Ñºà¸ÍÊ觤׹à¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Í à¸Íµéͧà»ÅÕ蹪×èͶ֧ ÷ ¤ÃÑé§à¾×èÍÍÓ¾ÃÒ§µÑǵ¹¢Í§µ¹àͧ
àÃ×èͧÃÒÇ¡ÒÃËź˹բͧà¸ÍÊзé͹ãËéàË繨Ե㨷Õèà¢éÁá¢ç§¢Í§¼ÙéËÔ§µÑÇàÅç¡æ ¤¹Ë¹Öè§ÍÂèÒ§àËÅ×Íàª×èÍ áµè¤ÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁªèÇÂàËÅ×ÍãËé¤Ãͺ¤ÃÑÇä´éËź˹յÒÁÁÒ´éÇÂÂѧ¹èÒ·Öè§ÂÔ觡ÇèÒ ¡ÒÃŧËÅÑ¡»Ñ¡°Ò¹ã¹à¡ÒËÅÕãµéäÁèãªè¨Ø´ÊÔé¹ÊØ´¢Í§àÊé¹·Ò§·Õèà¸Íà´Ô¹ áµèÁѹ¤×ͨشàÃÔèÁµé¹¢Í§ªÕÇÔµãËÁè·Õèà¸ÍáÅФÃͺ¤ÃÑÇÂѧ¡éÒǵèÍä» ´éÇÂËÑÇ㨷ÕèäÁèÂÍÁá¾é
˹ѧÊ×ÍàÅèÁ¹ÕéàÅèÒàÃ×èͧÃÒǤè͹¢éÒ§µÃ§ä»µÃ§ÁÒ ÎÂ͹⫠ÅÕ à»Ô´à¼Â¤ÇÒÁÃÙéÊÖ¡¢Í§µ¹àͧÍÂèÒ§«×è͵çÇèÒà¸ÍÃÑ¡»ÃÐà·ÈºéÒ¹à¡Ô´àÁ×ͧ¹Í¹¢Í§µ¹àͧÁÒ¡ÁÒÂà¾Õ§㴠¨¢º. ¤Ô´ÇèÒ˹ѧÊ×ÍàÅèÁ¹Õé¹èÒÍèÒ¹ áÅлѨ¨ØºÑ¹Áѹä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃá»Åà»ç¹ÀÒÉÒä·ÂáÅéÇ ¨Ö§äÁè¢ÍÊ»ÍÂÅìà¹×éÍËÒ áµèÍÂÒ¡¾Ù´¶Ö§ÁØÁÁͧÍ×è¹æ ·Õè¼Ø´¢Ö鹨ҡ¡ÒÃÍèҹ˹ѧÊ×ÍàÅèÁ¹ÕéÁÒ¡¡ÇèÒ
¨¢º. ÁͧÇèÒàÃ×èͧ¹ÕéÁÕºÒ§á§èÁØÁ·Õè¹èÒ¢º¤Ô´ ¹Ñ蹤×Í ¢¹Ò´¢Í§¤ÇÒÁàÈÃéÒÊÅ´·ÕèÍÂÙ躹¾×é¹°Ò¹¢Í§¡ÒûÃÐàÁÔ¹ÊèǹºØ¤¤Å (Subjective Judgment and Magnitude of Sufferings)
¶éÒàÃÒ¡Óà§Ô¹ ñð ºÒ· à´Ô¹ä»«×éÍ˹ѧÊ×;ÔÁ¾ìÃÒÂÇѹÁÒ ñ ©ºÑº áÅéÇàÍÒà¹×éÍËÒ¾Ò´ËÑÇ («Ö觻¡µÔàµçÁä»´éÇÂÍÒªÒ¡ÃÃÁáÅФÇÒÁÃعáç) ä»Â×¹ÍèÒ¹º¹àÇ·Õ UN ¼Ùé¿Ñ§·Ø¡¤¹«Öè§à»ç¹ªÒǵèÒ§ªÒµÔ¡ç¤§¨Ð 'ÍÔ¹' áÅÐÃѺÃÙéä´é¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁ¹èÒàÈÃéÒÊÅ´ (Ẻà´ÕÂǡѺ·ÕèàÃÒ¡ÓÅѧàÈÃéÒÊÅ´¡ÑºªÐµÒ¡ÃÃÁ¢Í§ªÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Í)
»ÑËÒ¤×ͤÇÒÁâË´ÃéÒ·ÒÃسº¹Ë¹éÒ˹ѧÊ×;ÔÁ¾ìàËÅèÒ¹Ñé¹Áѹà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹»ÃÐà·È¢Í§àÃÒ àÃÒä´éÂÔ¹ä´éÍèÒ¹Áѹ·Ø¡ÇѹáÅÐÃÙéÊÖ¡à¤ÂªÔ¹¨¹á·º¨ÐÂÍÁÃѺä»áÅéÇÇèÒ¹Õè¤×ÍàÃ×èͧ»¡µÔ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÂÙèàÊÁÍ Magnitude ËÃ×Í “¢¹Ò´¢Í§¤ÇÒÁàÈÃéÒÊÅ´” ·ÕèàÃÒ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹´Ù¨ÐàÅ硹éÍ¡ÇèÒ¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹¨ÃÔ§ ·ÓãËé»Ñ¨¨ÑÂàÊÕ觵èÒ§æ ¶Ù¡»ÅèÍ»ÅÐÅÐàÅ äÁèä´éÃѺ¡ÒÃá¡é䢻ÃѺ»ÃاãËé´Õà·èÒ·Õè¤ÇÃ
áµèàÁ×èÍàÃҿѧàÃ×èͧâË´ÃéÒ¨ҡ»ÃÐʺ¡ÒóìÊèǹµÑÇ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹µèÒ§»ÃÐà·È ÁѹãËé¤ÇÒÁÃÙéÊÖ¡á»Å¡ãËÁè·ÕèàÃÒäÁèà¤ÂªÔ¹ äÁèà¤Â¾ºàËç¹ÁÒ¡è͹ áÅÐàÃÒ¡ÓÅѧ¿Ñ§àÃ×èͧàÅèÒ¨Ò¡»Ò¡¢Í§àËÂ×èÍâ´ÂµÃ§ “¢¹Ò´¢Í§¤ÇÒÁàÈÃéÒÊÅ´” ¨Ö§´ÙãËèÁÒ¡ áÅзÓãËéºÒ§¤¹·Ö¡·Ñ¡àÍÒÇèÒ¤ÇÒÁâË´ÃéÒÂẺ¹Õéà¡Ô´¢Ö鹡Ѻ¤¹·Ø¡¤¹ ªÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Í·Ñé§ËÁ´µéͧ¡ÓÅѧ¶Ù¡¡´¢Õè¢èÁà˧ÍÂèÒ§Ãعáç᷺à»ç¹á·ºµÒÂá¹èæ
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»Õ òððø Institute for Peace and Unification Studies áËè§ Seoul National University ä´é·Ó¡ÒÃÊÓÃǨ¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àË繢ͧªÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Í·Õè;¾ÁÒÍÂÙèã¹à¡ÒËÅÕãµé áÅÐä´é¾º¡Ñº¤ÓµÍº¢Í§ ‘¤¹ã¹’ ·Õèáʹ¨ÐÂé͹áÂ駡ѺÁØÁÁͧ¢Í§ ‘¤¹¹Í¡’
ªÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Íà»Ô´à¼ÂÇèÒÊÒà˵طÕèµéͧ;¾ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·È¡çà¾ÃÒÐ ‘»ÑËÒ¤ÇÒÁÍ´ÍÂÒ¡’ äÁèä´é;¾ÍÍ¡ÁÒà¾ÃÒÐ ‘»ÑËÒ¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ’ ¾Ç¡à¢ÒÀÒ¤ÀÙÁÔã¨ã¹¤ÇÒÁà»ç¹à¡ÒËÅÕà˹×ÍÍѹà»ç¹ª¹ªÒµÔ·ÕèÁÕÊÒÂàÅ×Í´ºÃÔÊØ·¸Ôì áÅеéͧ¡ÒüÙé¹Ó·Õèà¢éÁá¢ç§à¾×èÍ»¡»éͧ»ÃÐà·ÈÍѹºÃÔÊØ·¸Ôì¹Ñ鹨ҡÀÑÂÃéÒÂÀÒ¹͡
ÃéÍÂÅÐ ùð ¢Í§¼Ùé¶Ù¡ÊÑÁÀÒɳì (áÁé»Ñ¨¨ØºÑ¹¨ÐÅÕéÀÑÂáÅÐà»ç¹¾ÅàÁ×ͧã¹à¡ÒËÅÕãµé) Âѧ¤§àÃÕ¡µÑÇàͧÇèÒ ‘ªÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Í’ á·¹·Õè¨ÐàÃÕ¡µÑÇàͧÇèÒ ‘ªÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕãµé’ ËÃ×Í ‘ªÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕ’ à©Âæ ·ÕèÊӤѤ×Í ÃéÍÂÅÐ ÷õ ¢Í§¼Ùé¶Ù¡ÊÑÁÀÒɳìÂѧ¤§ÈÃÑ·¸Òã¹µÑǼÙé¹Ó·ÕèÂÔè§ãËè·Ñé§ ó ÃØè¹ ¤×Í ¤ÔÁÍÔūا (the Great Leader) ¤ÔÁ¨Í§ÍÔÅ (Dear Leader) áÅФÔÁ¨Í§ÍÖ¹ (the Great Successor)*
áÁéáµèã¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í The Girl with Seven Names àͧ¡çÂѧãËé¢éÍÁÙÅäÇéÇèÒÊѧ¤Á¤ÍÁÁÔǹÔʵìà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×ÍÁÕ¡ÒÃáºè§ª¹ªÑé¹ (Songbun) ÍÍ¡à»ç¹ ó ª¹ªÑé¹ãËèæ ¤×Í Loyal, Wavering áÅÐ Hostile áÅЪ¹ªÑé¹·Õè»ÃÐʺªÐµÒ¡ÃÃÁÂèÓáÂè·ÕèÊØ´¡ç¤×Í Hostile ·ÓäÁ¹èÐËÃ×Í...
¡çà¾ÃÒкÃþºØÃØɢͧ¾Ç¡à¢Òà¤Âà»ç¹à¨éҢͧ·Õè´Ô¹Ë¹éÒàÅ×Í´ à»ç¹à¨éÒ˹éÒ·Õè¼Ùé·Ó§Ò¹ÃѺãªéÕè»Øè¹ã¹ªèǧ·ÕèÕè»Øè¹ÂÖ´¤Ãͧ ËÃ×ÍäÁè¡çà»ç¹¾Ç¡á»Ã¾Ñ¡µÃìä»à¢éҡѺ½èÒÂãµé㹪èǧʧ¤ÃÒÁà¡ÒËÅÕ ¤¹¾Ç¡¹Õé¨Ö§µéͧ·Ó§Ò¹Ë¹Ñ¡ ÊèǹÍÕ¡Êͧª¹ªÑ鹹ѺÇèÒÁÕªÕÇÔµ·Õè´Õ¡ÇèÒÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡
¨¢º. ÁÕÁØÁÁͧẺ Deterministic orientation áÅоͨÐà¢éÒã¨ä´éÇèÒ·ÓäÁªÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×֧ͨÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹áºº¹Õé ·ÓäÁ¾Ç¡à¢ÒÂѧÀÙÁÔã¨ã¹»ÃÐà·È¢Í§µ¹ ·ÓäÁ¾Ç¡à¢ÒÂѧÈÃÑ·¸Òã¹¼Ùé¹Ó ¡ç ‘ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅéÍÁ·Ò§Êѧ¤ÁáÅСÒÃàÁ×ͧ’ Âѧä§ÅèÐ ·ÕèËÅèÍËÅÍÁãËéªÒÇà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×ÍÁÕµÑǵ¹áÅФÇÒÁ¤Ô´¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍàªè¹¹Õé áÅÐ (à¾×èͤÇÒÁÂصԸÃÃÁ) àÃÒ¡ç¤ÇÃãªéÁØÁÁͧẺ Deterministic worldview 㹡Ò÷ӤÇÒÁà¢éÒ㨻ÃÐà·Èà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Í´éÇÂàªè¹à´ÕÂǡѹ
༴稡ÒÃà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Íà»ç¹¼Å¼ÅÔµ¨Ò¡ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅéÍÁ·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧâÅ¡** Ẻà´ÕÂǡѺ¿ÒÊ«Ôʵìã¹àÂÍÃÁ¹Õ ¤ÍÁÁÔǹÔʵìã¹àÇÕ´¹ÒÁ ¢ºÇ¹¡ÒêҵԹÔÂÁã¹ÅÒÇ ¡ÒÃà»Ô´»ÃÐà·È¢Í§Õè»Øè¹ ¡ÒÃàʴ稻ÃоÒÊÂØâû¢Í§¾ÃÐÁËÒ¡ÉѵÃÔÂìáËè§ÊÂÒÁ ÏÅÏ »ÃÒ¡¯¡ÒóìàËÅèÒ¹ÕéÅéǹà»ç¹¼Å¼ÅÔµ¨Ò¡áçºÕº¤Ñ鹢ͧÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅéÍÁÊѧ¤Á¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧâÅ¡·Ñé§ÊÔé¹ «Öè§áµèÅзÕè¡ç༪ԻÑËÒ੾ÒÐÍÂèÒ§áÅÐàÅ×Í¡ãªé·Ò§ÍÍ¡·ÕèᵡµèÒ§¡Ñ¹ä»
áµè¹Ñè¹äÁèãªè¢éÍÍéÒ§·Õè¨ÐºÍ¡ÇèÒ ‘¼Ùé¹Óà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×Í’ äÁè¼Ô´ à¾ÃÒж֧áÁéÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅéÍÁ·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧ¨ÐºÕº¤Ñé¹ÍÂèÒ§äà ¼Ùé¹Ó¡çÊÒÁÒö·Õè¨ÐàÅ×Í¡¹âºÒ·Õè´Õ·ÕèÊØ´ÀÒÂãµé¢éͨӡѴàËÅèÒ¹Ñé¹ä´éàÊÁÍ… ¶éÒ¤Ô´¨Ð·Ó***
¤Ó¶ÒÁ¡ç¤×Í ·èÒ¹¼Ùé¹Óä´éàÅ×Í¡¹âºÒ·Õè´Õ·ÕèÊØ´áÅéÇËÃ×ÍÂѧ?
* ÍèÒ¹à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁä´éã¹ Cha (2012); The Impossible State: North Korea, Past and Future
** ÁØÁÁͧ·Õè͸ԺÒ»ÃÒ¡¯¡Òóìà¡ÒËÅÕà˹×ÍÍÂèÒ§¡ÅÒ§æ ÇèÒà»ç¹¼ÅÅѾ¸ì¢Í§ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅéÍÁ·Ò§¡ÒÃàÁ×ͧâÅ¡ (áçºÕº¨Ò¡â«àÇÕµ ¨Õ¹ áÅÐÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò) ÍèÒ¹ä´éã¹ Ford and Kwon (2008); North Korea on the Brink: Struggle for Survival
*** ¼Å¡Ãзº¢Í§¹âºÒ·Õè·ÓãËé»ÃÐà·È ò »ÃÐà·È·Õèà¤Âà»ç¹»ÃÐà·Èà´ÕÂǡѹ ¾ÍᡡѹáÅéÇ¡ÅѺà¨ÃÔ-µ¡µèÓÊǹ·Ò§¡Ñ¹ ´Ù Acemoglu and Robinson (2012); Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty
| Create Date : 16 ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á 2559 |
| Last Update : 16 ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á 2559 11:33:37 ¹. |
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